Commentary on the Principles of Thermodynamics by Pierre Duhem

1. An Examination of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Paul Needham

2. Historical Background and Principal Applications of Gibbs’ Theory
Paul Needham

3. Preliminary Definitions
Paul Needham

4. The Principle of the Conservation of Energy
Paul Needham

5. Work and Quantity of Heat
Paul Needham

6. The Carnot Cycle and Reversible Changes
Paul Needham

7. Carnot’s Theorem and Absolute Temperature
Paul Needham

8. Entropy and Clausius’ Theorem
Paul Needham

9. Properties of a System at Equilibrium*

Paul Needham

10. Properties of a System in Motion
Paul Needham

11. Connections
Paul Needham

12. Stability and Displacement of Equilibrium
Paul Needham

Nyckelord: Philosophy, Philosophy of Science, Physical Chemistry, Thermodynamics, History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics