Esophageal and Gastric Disorders in Infancy and Childhood

Part I. Introduction

1. The Biology of Defects, Disease, and Treatments
John E. Foker

Part II. The Esophagus

2. The Genetics and Molecular Biology of Oesophageal Development
Stephen P. Robertson, Spencer W. Beasley

3. Swallowing and the Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Robert E. Kramer

4. Esophageal Motility
Hayat M. Mousa, Rodrigo Machado

5. Vascular, Neurological and Functional Development of the Oesophagus
Udo Rolle, Alan J. Burns

Part III. Esophageal Atresia Spectrum

6. The Spectrum of Esophageal Atresia
John E. Foker

7. Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: The Clinical Spectrum, Diagnosis, and Evaluation
Justin D. Klein, Russell W. Jennings

8. Oesophageal Atresia Associations
Lewis Spitz

9. Congenital Esophageal Stenosis Associated with Esophageal Atresia
Ashraf H. M. Ibrahim, Talal A. Al Malki

10. Choanal Atresia, Esophageal Atresia, Facial Anomalies, and Dysautonomia
Francesco Cozzi, Denis A. Cozzi

11. Skeletal Anomalies Associated with Esophageal Atresia
Jonathan Nubla Sembrano, Walter H. Truong, Charles Gerald Tan Ledonio, David Wayne Polly

Part IV. Repair of Shorter Gap EA

12. History of the Treatment of Esophageal Atresia
John E. Foker

13. Preoperative Evaluation
H. Till

14. Thoracotomy Incisions
John E. Foker, Adrian Bianchi

15. The Current Repair Techniques of Short-Gap EA/TEF
H. Till, M. Hoellwarth

16. Thoracoscopic Repair of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
George W. Holcomb

17. Repair of Other Congenital Esophageal Anomalies
Shawn D. St. Peter

18. Evaluation and Repair of Laryngotracheoesophageal Clefts
Katherine K. Hamming, Frank L. Rimell

19. Postoperative Management of Routine Esophageal Atresia Cases
Christopher G. Turner, Russell W. Jennings

Part V. Repair of Long-Gap EA: The Difficult End of the Spectrum

20. The Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia Problem
John E. Foker

21. Delayed Primary Anastomosis in the Management of Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia
Prem Puri, Florian Friedmacher

22. Surgical Methods to Increase Esophageal Length in Long (Wide)-Gap Esophageal Atresia with and Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Sigmund H. Ein

23. Thoracoscopic Repair of Pure Esophageal Atresia
Benjamin E. Padilla, Marcelo Martinez-Ferro

Part VI. The Growth Procedure for Long Gap EA

24. Growth Induction (the Foker Procedure) and a Flexible Approach for the Repair of Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia
John E. Foker

25. Thoracoscopic Elongation of the Esophagus in Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia
David C. Zee

26. Perioperative Management of the Esophageal Growth Procedure
Michael Sweeney

27. The Growth Potential (Form and Function): The International Esophageal Growth Experience
Khalid M. Khan

Part VII. Interposition Grafts to Establish Continuity

28. Gastric Transposition in Infants and Children
Robert A. Cowles, Arnold G. Coran

29. The Gastric Tube
Gabriel O. Ionescu, Simona Gavrilescu, Gabriel Aprodu

30. Colon (Including Ileum) Interposition
Mohammed Abdel-Lalif Ayad, Khaled Mohamed El-Asmer, Alaa Fayez Hamza

31. Esophageal Replacement with Jejunum in Children
Klaas(N) M. A. Bax

32. Oesophagus Tissue Engineering: Future Options in Oesophageal Replacement Through Regenerative Medicine
Amulya K. Saxena

Part VIII. After EA-Repair: Complications and Post-repair Issues

33. Overview: The Post-repair Issues and the Active Pursuit of Normalcy
John E. Foker

34. Evaluation After EA Repair: Endoscopy, Ultrasound, and Function
Khalid M. Khan

35. Complications Following Pediatric Esophageal Surgery
Sigmund H. Ein

36. The Biology of Stricture Formation After Esophageal Atresia Repair
John E. Foker

37. Strictures: Bougienage and Balloon Dilation
Khalid M. Khan

38. The Dynamic Stent in the Treatment of Oesophageal Strictures
Luigi Dall’Oglio

39. Mitomycin C Application on Caustic Esophageal Strictures
Khaled Mohamed El-Asmer, Mohammed Abdel-Lalif Ayad, Alaa Fayez Hamza

40. Reoperations After Esophageal Atresia Repair (for Significant Leaks, Recurrent Fistulas, Strictures, Residual Tracheal Pouches, Large Diverticula, Partially Intrathoracic Stomachs, and Failed Repairs)
John E. Foker

41. Growth Induction to Treat Long Esophageal Strictures
Tara C. Kendall Krosch, John E. Foker

42. The Esophagogastric Junction, Reflux, and Esophageal Atresia
Khalid M. Khan

43. Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux After Esophageal Atresia Repair
Janine N. Pettiford, Daniel J. Ostlie

44. The Stomach and Esophageal Atresia Repair
Khalid M. Khan

45. Learning to Eat After Esophageal Atresia Repair: In Infancy and Childhood
James Brudney

Part IX. The Airway: Nerves, Malacia and Life-Threatening Events

46. Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE) in Infants with Esophageal Atresia
Francesco Cozzi, Denis A. Cozzi

47. New Insights and Applications in the Treatment of Nerve Injuries
Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, Andrew Yee, Susan E. Mackinnon

48. Tracheomalacia and the Effective Aortopexy
John E. Foker, Abby C. Meyer, Frank Rimell

49. Thoracoscopic Aortopexy
Klaas(N) M. A. Bax

Part X. Further Out from EA Repair: Functional Results and the Quality of Life

50. Long-Term Results: Prognosis, Developmental Milestones, and Quality of Life After Surgery for Esophageal Atresia
Daniel C. Aronson

51. Outcomes of Oesophageal Atresia Beyond Childhood: Helsinki Experience
Saara J. Sistonen, Mikko P. Pakarinen, Risto J. Rintala

52. The Minnesota Experience
Khalid M. Khan

53. Long-Term Follow-Up and Quality of Life After Gastric Transposition
Lewis Spitz, Lorraine Ludman

54. The Follow-Up of the Gastric Tube
Gabriel O. Ionescu, Simona Gavrilescu, Sandu Gabriel Aprodu

55. Long-Term Follow-Up After Gastric Reconstruction of the Esophagus
Sarah E. Billmeier, David I. Soybel, Michael T. Jaklitsch

56. Late Follow-Up of Colon Interpositions
Terry Lynn Buchmiller, William Hardy Hendren

57. The Long-Term Follow-Up from the Parents’ and Patient’s Perspective
J. Trompelt

Part XI. Acquired Esophageal Problems

58. Esophageal Injuries and Foreign Bodies
Filippo Torroni, Paola Angelis, Luigi Dall’Oglio

59. Caustic Ingestions
Mário César Vieira, Paulo Fernando Souto Bittencourt

60. Esophagitis: Causes Other Than Reflux
Mike Thomson

61. Eosinophilic Esophagitis (North America)
Aileen Har, Sandeep K. Gupta

62. Eosinophilic Esophagitis (Europe)
Juan A. Tovar, Ana Lourdes Luis, Cristina Riñón

63. Effect of Systemic Illness, Medication, Radiation, and Infection on the Esophagus
Seema Mehta, Ryan W. Himes

64. Oesophageal Varices
P. J. McKiernan

65. Laparoscopic Heller-Dor Procedure for the Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia
Girolamo Mattioli, Alessio Pini Prato, Valentina Rossi, Stefano Avanzini, Giovanni Montobbio, Vincenzo Jasonni

66. Esophageal Tumors in Childhood and Adolescence: Benign and Malignant
Till-Martin Theilen, Michael Quaglia

67. Epidermolysis Bullosa: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Complications, and Treatment
Richard G. Azizkhan, Ahmed Mami

Part XII. The Gastroesophageal Junction

68. Lower Esophageal Sphincter: Normal Structure and Function
Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar

69. Gastroesophageal Junction: The Mucosa – Anatomy and Cell Types
Marta C. Cohen

70. Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Michael A. Manfredi

71. The Genetics of GER and GERD
Isabel Filges, Raoul I. Furlano

72. Pathophysiology of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease
Silvia Salvatore, Geoffrey Davidson

73. The Oesophageal Mucosa: To Barrett’s and Beyond – The Genesis of Oesophageal Injury and Cellular Mutations
N. Haider, A. Day, Spencer W. Beasley

Part XIII. Assessment of GE Reflux

74. GERD: History and Examination
Gigi Veereman-Wauters

75. GER: The Place of pH Testing
Yvan Vandenplas

76. pH and Impedance Measurements in Infants and Children
Yvan Vandenplas

77. Assessment of GE Reflux: Esophageal Motility Studies
Samuel Nurko

78. Esophageal Intraluminal Impedance
Tobias G. Wenzl

79. Endoscopy with Biopsy for Esophagitis
Mike Thomson

80. Barium Contrast Radiography and Scintigraphy
Rossella Turco, Dario Ummarino, Annamaria Staiano

81. Assessment of GERD: Ultrasound
Ahmed Sarkhy

82. Ear, Lung, and Esophageal Fluid Evaluation in GER Diagnosis
David J. Rawat

Part XIV. Treatment Approaches for GERD: Lifestyle Changes

83. Feeding Changes and Positioning Therapy for Infants
Ahmed Sarkhy, Mike Thomson

84. Lifestyle Changes in Children and Adolescents
Donald J. S. Cameron

Part XV. Pharmacologic Therapies

85. Pharmacological Reflux Therapies
Anil Darbari, Sona Sehgal, Nidhi Rawal, Rachel Imhoff

86. Mucosal Protective Agent: Sucralfate in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children
M. Smits, Marc A. Benninga

87. Antacids and Alginates in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
R. E. Pol, Marc A. Benninga

88. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Herbert M. Wering, Marc A. Benninga

89. Proton Pump Inhibitors
Licia Pensabene, Geoffrey Davidson

90. Prokinetic Therapy
Gigi Veereman-Wauters

Part XVI. Surgical Therapies

91. Gastroesophageal Reflux: Issues from a Surgeon’s Perspective
Ma Pilar Abad Calvo, J. Boix Ochoa

92. The Spectrum of Surgical Anti-reflux Procedures: Which Operations Work?
E. M. Kiely

93. Fundoplication in Infants and Children
Oliver J. Muensterer

94. Reoperative MIS Fundoplication
Oliver J. Muensterer, Carroll M. Harmon, Keith E. Georgeson

95. Endoscopic Approaches to the Treatment of GERD
Mike Thomson

96. Repair of Hiatus Hernia
Balgopal Eradi, Richard J. Stewart

97. Endoscopic Treatment of Benign Esophageal Strictures with Removable or Biodegradable Stents
Yvan Vandenplas, Bruno Hauser, Thierry Devreker, Daniel Urbain, Hendrik Reynaert

98. Oesophagogastric Dissociation: When Is It Relevant?
A. Bianchi, A. Morabito

99. Gastrostomy Feeding and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Peter B. Sullivan

Part XVII. Evaluation and Management of the Pediatric Patient with Suspected GERD

100. Regurgitation in Infants
O. Kirmemis

101. Recurrent Regurgitation and Vomiting in Children
Prithviraj Rao, Mike Thomson

102. Reflux Esophagitis and the Child with Heartburn
Mike Thomson

103. Food Refusal, Dysphagia, and Odynophagia
Amy Tsai, Jose Garza, Ajay Kaul

104. The Child with Apnoea or ALTE
M. T. Rawat

105. Children with Pulmonary Disorders
Mark L. Everard, Kostas Priftis

106. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Dental Erosion (DE)
Hanaa Halaby, Mike Thomson

Part XVIII. Children at High Risk for GERD

107. The Child with Neuromotor Impairment
Christopher D. C. Rittey

108. The Obese Child and Reflux
Peter Michael Gillett

109. Children at High Risk for GERD: The Premature Infant
Taher Omari

Part XIX. The Stomach

110. Embryology of the Stomach
Mike Thomson

111. Normal and Pathologic Mucosa
Marta C. Cohen

Part XX. Evaluation

112. Upper GI Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Gastropathy
Mike Thomson

113. Radiology of the Stomach in Infants and Children
Tara L. Holm, Charles A. Dietz

114. Gastric Motility and Electrogastrography (EGG)
Alberto Ravelli

Part XXI. Anatomical Gastropathology

115. Anatomical Gastropathology
Basil Bekdash, Sean S. Marven

116. Congenital Gastric Anomalies
Brice A. Antao, Victoria A. Lane

117. Congenital Pyloric Stenosis, Webs and Strictures
H. Till

118. Gastric Volvulus
Tamara Caldaro, Filippo Torroni, Erminia Romeo, Giovanni Federici Abriola, Luigi Dall’Oglio

Part XXII. Mucosa-Related Gastropathology

119.
Helicobacter-Related Gastritis and Ulceration and Investigation of Helicobacter pylori

Priya Narula

120. Non-Helicobacter pylori Gastritis, Ulceration, and Drug-Related Gastropathies
Arun Nanjundaraje Urs

121. Long-Term Effects of Achlorhydria on the Stomach (Helicobacter pylori and PPI Therapy)
Marta Tavares, Jorge Amil Dias

122. Gastric Bleeding and Perforation
Jürgen Schleef

123. Ménétrier’s Disease
Ann Matthai

124. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Stomach
Robert Heuschkel

125. Autoimmune Gastropathy
Ed Giles, Nicholas Croft

126. Systemic Disease Affecting the Stomach
Sue Protheroe

127. Mucosa-Related Gastropathology: The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and the Microbiome
Doron D. Kahana, Timothy Natta

Part XXIII. Functional Gastropathology

128. Duodeno-Gastric Reflux and Duodeno-Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux
Rok Orel

129. Gastric Pacing
Marc Christopher Winslet

130. Dermatology and the Oesophagus
Sue Protheroe

Nyckelord: Medicine & Public Health, Pediatric Surgery, Gastroenterology, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Nursing, Maternal and Child Health