National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH

I. Introduction

1. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): An Overview
Karl A. Western

II. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2. Biotools for Determining the Genetics of Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases and Expediting Research Translation Into Effective Countermeasures
Malak Kotb, Robert W. Williams, Nourtan Fathey, Mohamed Nooh, Sarah Rowe, Rita Kansal, Ramy Aziz

3. Spore Surface Components and Protective Immunity to Bacillus anthracis

Patricia Sylvestre, Ian Justin Glomski, Evelyne Couture-Tosi, Pierre Louis Goossens, Michèle Mock

4. New Candidate Anthrax Pathogenic Factors
Serguei G. Popov

5.
Ehrlichiae and Ehrlichioses: Pathogenesis and Vector Biology
H. L. Stevenson, N. Ismail, D. H. Walker

6. Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) of Brucella spp. Identifies Species-Specific Markers and Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships
Lynn Y. Huynh, Matthew N. Van Ert, Ted Hadfield, William S. Probert, Bryan H. Bellaire, Michael Dobson, Robert J. Burgess, Robbin S. Weyant, Tanja Popovic, Shaylan Zanecki, David M. Wagner, Paul Keim

7. Expression of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE Efflux Pump in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Bacterial Survival in the Presence of Antimicrobials
William M. Shafer, Jason P. Folster, Douglas E. M. Warner, Paul J. T. Johnson, Jacqueline T. Balthazar, Nazia Kamal, Ann E. Jerse

8. What can Mycobacteriophages Tell Us About Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Graham F. Hatfull

9. Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Differ in their Intracellular Growth in Human Macrophages
Sue A. Theus, M. Donald Cave, Kathleen D. Eisenach

10. Mechanisms of Latent Tuberculosis: Dormancy and Resuscitation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Galina Mukamolova, Elena Salina, Arseny Kaprelyants

11. Separating Latent and Acute Disease in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
T. Mark Doherty

12. Mutant Selection Window Hypothesis: A Framework for Anti-mutant Dosing of Antimicrobial Agents
Karl Drlica, Xilin Zhao

13. The NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Lone Simonsen, Gayle Bernabe, Karen Lacourciere, Robert J. Taylor, Maria Y. Giovanni

14. Lessons From the 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Iceland
Magnúus Gottfredsson

15. Control of Notifiable Avian Influenza Infections in Poultry
Ilaria Capua, Stefano Marangon

16. Understanding the Complex Pathobiology of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Birds
David E. Swayne

17. Development of Prophylactics and Therapeutics Against the Smallpox and Monkeypox Biothreat Agents
Mark Buller, Lauren Handley, Scott Parker

18. The Hierarchic Informational Technology for QSAR Investigations: Molecular Design of Antiviral Compounds
V. E. Kuz'min, A. G. Artemenko, E. N. Muratov, L. N. Ognichenko, A. I. Hromov, A. V. Liahovskij, P. G. Polischuk

19. Antivirals for Influenza: Novel Agents and Approaches
William A. Fischer, Frederick Hayden

20. Anti-Infectious Actions of Proteolysis Inhibitor ?-Aminocaproic Acid (?-ACA)
V. P. Lozitsky

21. A New Highly Potent Antienteroviral Compound
Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb, Stefan Philipov, Angel S. Galabov

22. Reduction and Possible Mechanisms of Evolution of the Bacterial Genomes
George B. Smirnov

23. Interaction of Yersinia pestis Virulence Factors with IL-1R/TLR Recognition System
Vyacheslav M. Abramov, Valentin S. Khlebnikov, Anatoly M. Vasiliev, Igor V. Kosarev, Raisa N. Vasilenko, Nataly L. Kulikova, Vladimir L. Motin, Georgy B. Smirnov, Valentin I. Evstigneev, Nicolay N. Karkischenko, Vladimir N. Uversky, Robert R. Brubaker

24. IS481-Induced Variability of Bordetella pertussis

Ludmila N. Sinyashina, Alisa Yu. Medkova, Evgeniy G. Semin, Alexander V. Chestkov, Yuriy D. Tsygankov, Gennagiy I. Karataev

25. Microarray Immunophosphorescence Technology for the Detection of Infectious Pathogens
Nikolay S. Osin, Vera G. Pomelova

26. Development of Immunodiagnostic Kits and Vaccines for Bacterial Infections
Valentina A. Feodorova, Onega V. Ulianova

27. Research in Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Contributions by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institutes of Health
Katherine T. Herz

28. Disease Surveillance in Georgia: Benefits of International Cooperation
Lela Bakanidze, Paata Imnadz, Shota Tsanava, Nikoloz Tsertsvadze

29. Epidemiology (Including Molecular Epidemiology) of HIV, Hepatitis B and C in Georgia: Experience From U.S.—Georgian Collaboration
Tengiz Tsertsvadze

30. The National Tuberculosis Program in the Country of Georgia: An Overview
Archil Salakaia, Veriko Mirtskhulava, Shalva Gamtsemlidze, Marina Janjgava, Rusudan Aspindzelashvili, Ucha Nanava

III. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Aids

31. Virus Receptor Wars: Entry Molecules Used for and Against Viruses Associated with AIDS
Edward A. Berger

32. HIV Latency and Reactivation: The Early Years
Guido Poli

33. HIV-1 Sequence Diversity as a Window Into HIV-1 Biology
Milloni Patel, Gretja Schnell, Ronald Swanstrom

34. Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against HIV and Emerging Viruses
Dimiter S. Dimitrov

35. Biological Basis and Clinical Significance of HIV Resistance to Antiviral Drugs
Mark A. Wainberg, Susan Schader

36. NIAID HIV/AIDS Prevention Research
David N. Burns, Roberta Black

37. Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV and AIDS in Lithuania
Saulius Caplinskas

IV. Immunology and Vaccines

38. TACI, Isotype Switching, CVID, and IgAD
Emanuela Castigli, Raif S. Geha

39. A Tapestry of Immunotherapeutic Fusion Proteins: From Signal Conversion to Auto-stimulation
Mark L. Tykocinski, Jui-Han Huang, Matthew C. Weber, Michal Dranitzki-Elhalel

40. A Role for Complement System in Mobilization and Homing of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
M. Z. Ratajczak, R. Reca, M. Wysoczynski, M. Kucia, J. Ratajczak

41. Post-translational Processing of Human Interferon- ? Produced in Escherichia coli and Approaches for its Prevention
Maya Boyanova, Roumyana Mironova, Toshimitsu Niwa, Ivan Ivanov

42. B-cell Dysfunctions in Autoimmune Diseases
Moncef Zouali

43. A Model System for Studying Mechanisms of B-cell Transformation in Systemic Autoimmunity
Wendy F. Davidson, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Mark S. Williams, Zohreh Naghashfar, Jeff X. Zhou, Herbert C. Morse

44. Breach and Restoration of B-cell Tolerance in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Iñaki Sanz, R. John Looney, J. H. Anolik

45. Dendritic Cells: Biological and Pathological Aspects
Jacques Banchereau, John Connolly, Tiziana Di Pucchio, Carson Harrod, Eynav Klechevsky, A. Karolina Palucka, Virginia Pascual, Hideki Ueno

46. Immunomic and Bioinformatics Analysis of Host Immunity in the Vaccinia Virus and Influenza A Systems
Magdalini Moutaftsi, Bjoern Peters, Valerie Pasquetto, Carla Oseroff, John Sidney, Huynh Hoa-Bui, Howard Grey, Alessandro Sette

47. Immunoreactions to Hantaviruses
Alemka Markoti?, Connie Schmaljohn

48. Innate Immunity to Mouse Cytomegalovirus
Djurdjica Cekinovi?, Irena Slavuljica, Tihana Lenac, Astrid Krmpoti?, Bojan Poli?, Stipan Jonji?

49. Research and Development of Chimeric Flavivirus Vaccines
Simon Delagrave, Farshad Guirakhoo

50. Correlates of Immunity Elicited by Live Yersinia pestis Vaccine
Vivian L. Braciale, Michael Nash, Namita Sinha, Irina V. Zudina, Vladimir L. Motin

V. Building a Sustainable Personal Research Portfolio

51. Strategies for a Competitive Research Career
Hortencia Hornbeak, Peter R. Jackson

52. Selecting the Appropriate Funding Mechanism
Priti Mehrotra, Hortencia Hornbeak, Peter R. Jackson, Eugene Baizman

53. Preparing and Submitting a Competitive Grant Application
Peter R. Jackson, Hortencia Hornbeak

54. Identifying Research Resources and Funding Opportunities
Eugene Baizman, Hortencia Hornbeak, Peter R. Jackson, Priti Mehrotra

Nyckelord: Biomedicine, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, Allergology