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O'Dowd, Colin D.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols

O'Dowd, Colin D. - Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, e-kirja

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Table of contents

Part I. Nucleation: Experiment and Theory

1. Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements and the Properties of Critical Clusters
Barbara E. Wyslouzil, Reinhard Strey, Judith Wölk, Gerald Wilemski, Yoojeong Kim

2. Size Analysis of Ion and Aerosol Nanoparticles in Nucleation and Growth
Kikuo Okuyama, Takafumi Seto, Chan Soo Kim

3. Classical and Generalized Gibbs' Approaches and the Work of Critical Cluster Formation in Nucleation Theory
Jürn W. P. Schmelzer

4. Microstructure of Supersaturation Field and Nucleation Experiments
Sergey P. Fisenko

5. Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogates of Mineral Dust
C. Marcolli, S. Gedamke, B. Zobrist

6. Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze by Spinodal Decomposition?
Lawrence S. Bartell

7. The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size Distribution
Ingo H. Leubner

8. The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size in Controlled Precipitations
Ingo H. Leubner

9. Continuous Crystallization: Nucleation and Size Control as a Function of Crystal Solubility
Ingo H. Leubner

10. Investigating the Role of Ammonia in Atmospheric Nucleation
Theo Kurtén, Leena Torpo, Hanna Vehkamäki, Markku R. Sundberg, Kari Laasonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Madis Noppel, Martta Salonen, Markku Kulmala

11. Dependence of Nucleation Rates on Sulfuric Acid Vapor Concentration in Diverse Atmospheric Locations
Chongai Kuang, Peter H. McMurry, Alon V. McCormick

12. Evaluation of Surface Tension and Tolman Length as a Function of Droplet Radius from Experimental Nucleation Rate and Supersaturation Ratio
A. A. Onischuk, S. V. Vosel, P. A. Purtov, A. M. Baklanov

13. Atmospheric H2SO4 / H2O Particle Formation: Mechanistic Investigations
T. Berndt, O. Böge, F. Stratmann

14. The Role of Ions in Condensation Particle Counting for Particle Diameters Below 2 nm
Paul M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, Paul E. Wagner

15. n-Nonane Nucleation in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide
Dzmitry G. Labetski, J. Hrubý, M. E. H. Dongen

16. Challenges in the Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle Based on the ZnO/Zn Redox Pair: Rapid Quench and Nucleation of Zinc
Frederik Rütten, Ivo Alxneit, Hans Rudolf Tschudi

17. Relevance of Several Nucleation Theories in Different Environments
Michael Boy, Boris Bonn, Jan Kazil, Ned Lovejoy, Andrew Turnipseed, Jim Greenberg, Thomas Karl, Lee Mauldin, Edward Kusciuch, Jim Smith, Kelly Barsanti, Alex Guenther, Birgit Wehner, Olaf Hellmuth, Holger Siebert, Stefan Bauer, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markku Kulmala

18. Kinetic Theory Applied to Nucleation and Droplet Growth
Vincent Holten, M. E. H. Dongen

19. Computation of Nucleation Rates for n-Nonane Using the Gradient Theory
Dzmitry G. Labetski, J. Hrubý, V. Vinš, M. E. H. Dongen

20. The Temperature of Nucleating Droplets
Jan Wedekind, David Reguera, Reinhard Strey

21. Kinetic Reconstruction of the Nucleation Free Energy Landscape
Jan Wedekind, David Reguera

22. Laboratory-measured Nucleation Rates of Sulfuric Acid and Water from the SO2 + OH Reaction
David R. Benson, Shan-Hu Lee

23. Simulation of the Growth and Decay of Isolated Lennard–Jones Clusters
Jonathan C. Barrett, Andrew P. Knight

24. An Insight into the Failure of Classical Nucleation Theory
Joonas Merikanto, Antti Lauri, Evgeni Zapadinsky, Hanna Vehkamäki

25. Nucleation Chemical Physics: From Vapor-phase Clusters to Crystals in Solution
Shawn M. Kathmann

26. Homogeneous Nucleation: What I Understand, What I Somewhat Understand, What I do not Understand
Joseph L. Katz

27. Homogeneous Nucleation Rate in Supersaturated Water Vapor
V. Ždímal, David Brus

28. Displacement Barrier Heights from Experimental Nucleation Rate Data: Scaling and Universality
Jussi Malila, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Yrjö Viisanen, Ari Laaksonen

29. Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of Homogeneous Nucleation Rates
Robert McGraw

30. A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model Lennard–Jones System
Barbara N. Hale, Jerry Kiefer

31. Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle
David Ghosh, Reinhard Strey, Barbara E. Wyslouzil

32. Condensation of a Supersaturated Lattice Gas
Vitaly A. Shneidman

33. Argon Nucleation in a Cryogenic Nucleation Pulse Chamber
Reinhard Strey, Judith Wölk, Kristina Iland

34. Water Homogeneous Nucleation: Importance of Clustering Thermodynamics
Hua Du, Fangqun Yu, Alexey B. Nadykto

35. Validation and Development of a New Hailstone Formation Theory–Numerical Simulations of a Strong Hailstorm Occurring Over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Fengqin Kang, Qiang Zhang, Shihua Lu

36. Scaling of Critical Nuclei Composed of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules
Ismo Napari, Ari Laaksonen

37. Heterogeneous Condensation on Nanoparticle
Sergey P. Fisenko, Manabu Shimada, Kikuo Okuyama

38. Kinetics of Multicomponent Nucleation in Gas Phase
Sergey P. Fisenko

39. Simulation of Nucleation Experiments in Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber
Sergey P. Fisenko, Anton A. Brin

40. A Comparative Study in Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nucleation
Jan Julin, Ismo Napari, Hanna Vehkamäki

41. The Reactions of Sulfuric Acid with Biogenic Criegee Intermediates or Secondary Ozonides as a Possible Source of Nucleation Precursors
Theo Kurtén, Boris Bonn, Hanna Vehkamäki, Markku Kulmala

42. Condensation-Relaxation of Supersaturated Vapor and the Possibility of the Experimental Determination of the Nucleation Rate
Naum Kortsensteyn, Eugene Samujlov

43. Nanoparticle Detection Using Nucleation Regime of the CPC
Genrik Mordas, Mikko Sipilä, Markku Kulmala

44. Structure of Sulfuric Acid–Water Clusters
Martta Salonen, Ismo Napari, Hanna Vehkamäki

45. Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Binding Energies of (H2SO4)2, HOSO2·H2SO4, and HOSO4·H2SO4
Martta Salonen, Théo Kurten, Markku R. Sundberg, Hanna Vehkamäki

46. Calculation of Cluster-free Energies Using the Jarzynski Relation
Hoi Yu Tang, Ian J. Ford

47. New Particle Formation and Sulphuric Acid Concentrations During 26 Months in Hyytiälä
T. Nieminen, Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, Anne Hirsikko, Michael Boy, Lauri Laakso

48. The First Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorem Including Line Tension: Analysis of Experimental Data
Anca I. Hienola, Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Paul E. Wagner, Paul M. Winkler, Markku Kulmala

49. Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorems for Multicomponent Systems
Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Paul E. Wagner, Paul M. Winkler, Markku Kulmala, Anni Määttänen

50. Nucleation Events in Melpitz, Germany, and Po Valley, Italy: Similarities and Differences
A. Hamed, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, J. Joutsensaari, Birgit Wehner, W. Birmili, Alfred Wiedensohler, F. Cavalli, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, M. C. Facchini, Ari Laaksonen

51. Simulation of an Aerosol Nucleation Burst
J. Salm

52. Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitrogen
Guram Chkonia, Jan Wedekind, Reinhard Strey, Judith Wölk

53. Homogeneous Nucleation of a Homologous Series of n-Alkanes in a Supersonic Nozzle
Dirk Bergmann, David Ghosh, Reinhard Strey, Judith Wölk, Shinobu Tanimura, Barbara E. Wyslouzil

54. Preliminary Results on Homogeneous Nucleation of Water: A Novel Measurement Technique using the Two-valve Expansion Chamber
Alexandra Manka, Dirk Bergmann, David Ghosh, Reinhard Strey, Judith Wölk

Part II. Nucleation: Binary, Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous

55. Homogeneous Binary Nucleation Theory and the Structure of Binary Nanodroplets
Gerald Wilemski

56. Nucleation Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined Binary Solutions
Alexander S. Abyzov, Jürn W. P. Schmelzer

57. Stabilization of H2SO4–H2O Clusters by Organic Acids
Fangqun Yu, Alexey B. Nadykto

58. Critical Cluster Content in High-pressure Binary Nucleation: Compensation Pressure Effect
Vitaly I. Kalikmanov, Dzmitry G. Labetski

59. The Effect of Total Pressure on Nucleation in a Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber: n-Pentanol + Helium
Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, David Brus, V. Ždímal, J. Smolík, Markku Kulmala, Yrjö Viisanen, Heikki Lihavainen

60. Thermochemistry of (H2SO4)m(H2O)n(NH3)k: A DFT Study
Fangqun Yu, Alexey B. Nadykto

61. Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation II: Line Tension
Markku Kulmala, Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Evgeni Zapadinsky, Anca I. Hienola

62. Insights from the Atomistic Simulations of a Ternary Nucleating System
Ricky B. Nellas, Bin Chen, J. Ilja Siepmann

63. Two-component Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Martian Atmosphere
Anni Määttänen, Markku Kulmala, Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Ismo Napari

64. Binary Homogenous Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid and Water Mixture: Experimental Device and Setup
David Brus, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Yrjö Viisanen, Heikki Lihavainen, Markku Kulmala

65. Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation I: The Point Where the Classical Theory Fails
Markku Kulmala, Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Evgeni Zapadinsky, Joonas Merikanto

66. A Kinetically Correct and an Approximate Model of Heterogeneous Nucleation
Anni Määttänen, Markku Kulmala, Hanna Vehkamäki, Antti Lauri, Ismo Napari

67. Reversible Work of the Heterogeneous Formation of an Embryo of a New Phase on a Spherical Charged Conductor Within a Uniform Multicomponent Macroscopic Mother Phase
Madis Noppel, S. Mirme, Anca I. Hienola, Hanna Vehkamäki, Markku Kulmala, Paul E. Wagner

68. Stochastic Birth and Death Equations to Treat Chemistry and Nucleation in Small Systems
Christiane Maria Losert-Valiente Kroon, Ian J. Ford

Part III. Nucleation: Ion and Cluster Properties

69. Surface Nucleation in Freezing Nanoparticles
Richard K. Bowles, Eduardo Mendez-Villuendas

70. Biogenic Sesquiterpenes and Atmospheric New Particle Formation: A Boreal Forest Site Investigation
Michael Boy, Boris Bonn, Miikka Dal Maso, Hannele Hakola, Anne Hirsikko, Markku Kulmala, Theo Kurtén, Lauri Laakso, Jyrki Mäkelä, Ilona Riipinen, Üllar Rannik, Sanna-Liisa Sihto, Taina M. Ruuskanen

71. Using Charging State in Estimating the Relative Importance of Neutral and Ion-induced Nucleation
Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tatu Anttila, Tuukka Petäjä, Lauri Laakso, Stephanie Gagne, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Markku Kulmala

72. The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation at 1,465 m a.s.l
Hervé Venzac, Karine Sellegri, Paolo Laj

73. The Effect of Seed Particle Charge on Heterogeneous Nucleation
Paul M. Winkler, G. M. Steiner, G. P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, Paul E. Wagner, Markku Kulmala

74. Experimental Observation of Heterogeneous Nucleation Probabilities for Ion-induced Nucleation
Paul M. Winkler, G. M. Steiner, G. P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, Paul E. Wagner, Markku Kulmala

75. Air Ion Measurements During a Cruise from Europe to Antarctica
Marko Vana, Aki Virkkula, Anne Hirsikko, Pasi Aalto, Markku Kulmala, Risto Hillamo

76. Air Ion Measurements at Mace Head on the West Coast of Ireland
Marko Vana, Mikael Ehn, Tuukka Petäjä, Henri Vuollekoski, Pasi Aalto, Gerrit Leeuw, Darius Ceburnis, Colin D. O'Dowd, Markku Kulmala

77. Improving Particle Detection Effi ciency of a Condensation Particle Counter by Means of Pulse Height Analysis
Mikko Sipilä, Pasi Aalto, Heikki Lihavainen, Hanna Vehkamäki, Mikael Ehn, Tuukka Petäjä, Ilona Riipinen, Colin D. O'Dowd, Markku Kulmala

78. The Effect of Temperature on Ion Cluster Formation of 2-propanol
A. -K. Viitanen, T. Mattila, Jyrki Mäkelä, M. Marjamäki, J. Keskinen

79. Heterogeneous Ion-induced Nucleation: Condensation of Supersaturated Vapors on Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles
Victor Abdelsayed, M. Samy El-Shall

80. Charged State of Freshly Nucleated Particles: Implications for Nucleation Mechanisms
Fangqun Yu, Richard P. Turco

81. Measurement of the Charging State with an Ion-DMPS to Estimate the Contribution of Ion-induced Nucleation
Veli-Matti Kerminen, Pasi Aalto, Markku Kulmala, Stephanie Gagne, Lauri Laakso, Tuukka Petäjä

Part IV. Ice Nucleation

82. Progress and Issues in Quantifying Ice Nucleation Involving Atmospheric Aerosols
Paul J. DeMott

83. Immersion Freezing Effi ciency of Soot Particles with Various Physico-Chemical Properties
O. B. Popovicheva, N. M. Persiantseva, E. D. Kireeva, T. D. Khokhlova, N. K. Shonija, E. V. Vlasenko

84. Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber
Abdus Salam, Glen Lesins, Ulrike Lohmann

85. Ice Initiation for Various Ice Nuclei Types and its Infl uence on Precipitation Formation in Convective Clouds
Martin Simmel, Harald Heinrich, Karoline Diehl

86. Strong Dependence of Cubic Ice Formation on Aqueous Droplet Ammonium to Sulphate Ratio
Benjamin J. Murray, Allan K. Bertram

87. Ice Cloud Formation Mechanisms Inferred from in situ Measurements of Particle Number-size Distribution
Y. Tobo, D. Zhang, Y. Iwasaka, G. -Y. Shi

88. The FINCH (Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber Counter)
U. Bundke, H. Bingemer, B. Nillius, R. Jaenicke, T. Wetter

89. Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Soot Particles
Ottmar Möhler

90. An Examination of a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber's Performance: Implications for Field Measurements of Ice Nuclei
Mathews S. Richardson, Anthony J. Prenni, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia M. Kreidenweis

91. Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei
N. S. Kim, A. G. Shilin, J. Backmann, I. A. Garaba

92. Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles
C. Marcolli, T. Peter, B. Zobrist, Thomas Koop

93. Immersion Freezing in Emulsifi ed Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing AgI Particles
Markus Böttcher, Thomas Koop

Part V. Air Quality – Climate

94. Global Dimming by Air Pollution and Global Warming by Greenhouse Gases: Global and Regional Perspectives
V. Ramanathan

95. Freshly Formed Aerosol Particles: Connections to Precipitation
Binod Pokharel, Jefferson R. Snider, David Leon

96. Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layer of Southeastern China
Y. F. Cheng, Alfred Wiedensohler, H. Eichler, Y. H. Zhang, W. Birmili, E. Brüggemann, T. Gnauk, M. Tesche, H. Herrmann, A. Ansmann, A. Althausen, R. Englemann, M. Wendisch, H. Su, M. Hu

97. The Effect of Including Aerosol Nucleation and Coagulation in a Global Model
Minghuai Wang, Joyce E. Penner

98. On the Estimated Impact of Anthropogenic Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) in the Region of Mexico City on the Development of Precipitation
M. L. Frias-Cisneros, D. G. Baumgardner

99. Emission of Aerosol Black Carbon in the Atmosphere of Chhattisgarh
N. K. Jaiswal, K. S. Patel, Saathoff, U. Schurath

100. Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical Cyclogenesis
N. Christina Hsu, Si-Chee Tsay, K. M. Lau

101. Aerosol Distributions over Europe: A Regional Model Evaluation
Bärbel Langmann, Saji Varghese, Colin D. O'Dowd, Elina Marmer

102. An Analysis on Aerosol Variable Tendency and Clouds Physical Effect for Decrease of Natural Precipitation over Hebei Area
Duan Ying, Wu Zhihui, Shi Lixin, Yang Baodong

103. An Assessment of the Direct Radiative Forcing of the PM10-Study Case
Sabina Stefan, Anca Nemuc, C. Talianu, C. Necula

104. Measurements of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Aerosols from an Urban Site of Madrid (Spain)
Ana I. Barrado, Susana García, Rosa M. Pérez, Oscar Pindado

105. The Simulation of Aerosol Transport over East Asia Region Using CMAQ
Youn-Seo Koo, Sung-Tae Kim

Part VI. Aerosol – Cloud Interactions

106. Current Understanding of Aerosol–Climate Effects
Surabi Menon

107. Mass Spectral Evidence that Small Changes in Composition Caused by Oxidative Aging Processes Alter Aerosol CCN
J. E. Shilling, Stephanie M. King, M. Mochida, D. R. Worsnop, S. T. Martin

108. Iodine Speciation in Rain and Snow
B. S. Gilfedder, M. Petri, H. Beister

109. Using Aerosol Number to Volu me Ratio in Predicting Cloud Droplet Number Concentration
Niku Kivekäs, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tatu Anttila, Hannele Hakola, Mika Komppula, Heikki Lihavainen

110. Influence of Surface Tension on the Connection Between Hygroscopic Growth and Activation
H. Wex, T. Hennig, D. Niedermeier, E. Nilsson, R. Ocskay, D. Rose, I. Salma, M. Ziese, F. Stratmann

111. On Aerosol-cloud Studies at the Puijo Semiurban Measurement Station
A. Leskinen, T. Raatikainen, J. Hirvonen, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, A. Kortelainen, P. Miettinen, N. Pietikäinen, H. Portin, J. Rautiainen, R. Sorjamaa, P. Tiitta, P. Vaattovaara, Ari Laaksonen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Yrjö Viisanen, Heikki Lihavainen

112. Partitioning of Aerosol Particles in Mixed-phase Clouds at a High Alpine Site
J. Cozic, B. Verheggen, Ernest Weingartner, Urs Baltensperger, S. Mertes, K. N. Bower, I. Crawford, M. Flynn, P. Connolly, M. Gallagher, S. Walter, J. Schneider, J. Curtius, Andreas Petzold

113. The Role of Aerosol Characteristics in the Evolution of Clouds and Precipitation
Verena Grützun, Oswald Knoth, Martin Simmel, Rolf Wolke

114. Maritime CCN Drizzle Relationships
Subhashree Mishra, James G. Hudson, C. F. Rogers

115. Effect of Nucleation and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations
Risto Makkonen, Ari Asmi, Hannele Korhonen, Harri Kokkola, Simo Järvenoja, Petri Räisänen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Ari Laaksonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Heikki Järvinen, Ulrike Lohmann, Johann Feichter, Markku Kulmala

116. Measurements of the Rate of Cloud Droplet Formation on Atmospheric Particles
Chris Ruehl, Patrick Chuang, Athanasios Nenes

117. Aerosol Particle Formation in Different Types of Air Masses in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland
L. Sogacheva, L. Saukkonen, Miikka Maso, Markku Kulmala

118. Model Studies of Nitric Acid Condensation in Mixed-phase Clouds
Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen, J. Hienola, Harri Kokkola, S. Romakkaniemi, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Markku Kulmala, Ari Laaksonen

119. Modelling Cirrus Cloud Fields for Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry Studies
Andrew Horseman, A. Rob MacKenzie, Chuansen Ren

120. A Modelling Study of the Effect of Increasing Background Ozone on PM Production in Clouds
Robert J. Flanagan, Colin D. O'Dowd

Part VII. Aerosol Characterisation and Properties

121. Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle, Anomalous Aerosol
Terry Deshler

122. Highlights of Fifty Years of Atmospheric Aerosol Research at Mace Head
T. C. O'Connor, S. G. Jennings, Colin D. O'Dowd

123. Transformation of Nitrates during the Transport of Air from China to Okinawa, Japan
Shiro Hatakeyama, Akinori Takami, Yoshihiro Takiguchi

124. Major Factors Affecting the Ambient Particulate Nitrate Level at Gosan, Korea
N. K. Kim, Y. P. Kim, C. H. Kang

125. Fuctional Group Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Method Development, and Application to Particulate Organic Matter
J. Dron, N. Marchand, H. Wortham

126. Study on the Distribution and Variation Trends of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China
Duan Jing, Mao Jietai

127. Detecting Below 3 nm Particles Using Ethylene Glycol-based Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter
Kenjiro Iida, Mark R. Stolzenburg, Peter H. McMurry

128. Chlorine-phase Partitioning at Melpitz near Leipzig
Detlev Möller, Karin Acker

129. Measured Neutral and Charged Aerosol Particle Number Size Distributions in Russia
E. Vartiainen, Markku Kulmala, Mikael Ehn, Tuukka Petäjä, Anne Hirsikko, A. Junninen, L. Sogacheva, S. Kuokka, Risto Hillamo, A. Skorokhod, I. Belikov, N. Elansky, Veli-Matti Kerminen

130. Size Distributions, Charging State, and Hygroscopicity of Aerosol Particles in Antarctica
E. Vartiainen, Markku Kulmala, Mikael Ehn, Pasi Aalto, A. Frey, Aki Virkkula, Risto Hillamo, A. Arneth

131. Dry Deposition Fluxes and Timescales of Turbulent Deposition over Tall Vegetative Canopies
Fredi Birsan, S. C. Pryor

132. Observations of Particle Nucleation and Growth Events in the Lower Free Troposphere
J. Cozic, B. Verheggen, Ernest Weingartner, Marko Vana, J. Balzani, E. Fries, G. Legreid, Anne Hirsikko, Markku Kulmala, Urs Baltensperger

133. Size-resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural and Urban Sites in Central California, USA
Judith Chow, John Watson, Douglas Lowenthal, Karen Magliano

134. Measurement of Ultrafine and Fine Particle Black Carbon and its Optical Properties
Judith Chow, John Watson, Douglas Lowenthal, Nehzat Motallebi

135. Hygroscopic and Volatile Properties of Ultrafine Particles in the Eucalypt Forests: Comparison with Chamber Experiments and the Role of Sulphates in New Particle Formation
Zoran Ristovski, Tanja Suni, Nic Meyer, Graham Johnson, Lidia Morawska, Jonathan Duplissy, Ernest Weingartner, Urs Baltensperger, Andrew Turnipseed

136. New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment
Lauri Laakso, Tuukka Petäjä, H. Laakso, Pasi Aalto, T. Pohja, E. Siivola, P. Keronen, S. Haapanala, Hannele Hakola, N. Kgabi, M. Molefe, D. Mabaso, K. Pienaar, E. Sjöberg, M. Jokinen, Markku Kulmala

137. Hot-air Balloon Measurements of Vertical Variation of Boundary Layer New Particle Formation
Lauri Laakso, T. Grönholm, S. Haapanala, Anne Hirsikko, Theo Kurtén, Michael Boy, L. Sogacheva, Ilona Riipinen, Markku Kulmala, L. Kulmala, E. R. Lovejoy, Jan Kazil, E. Nilsson, F. Stratmann

138. Optical Properties and Radiative Effects of Aerosols in a Coastal Zone
Auromeet Saha, Marc Mallet, Jean Claude Roger, Philippe Dubuisson, Jacques Piazzola, Serge Despiau

139. On Water Condensation Particle Counters and their Applicability to Field Measurements
Tuukka Petäjä, H. E. Manninen, F. Stratmann, Genrik Mordas, Mikko Sipilä, Pasi Aalto, Hanna Vehkamäki, W. Birmili, K. Hämeri, Markku Kulmala

140. Relationship of Aerosol Microphysical Properties and Chemical Composition of Aerosol in the Baltic Sea Region
Anna Pugatshova, Ülle Kikas, Margit Prüssel, Aivo Reinart, Eduard Tamm, Vidmantas Ulevicius

141. Hygroscopic Properties of Sub-micrometer Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments in Various Environments – A Review
Hugh Coe, James Allan, K. N. Bower, Gerard Capes, Jonathan Crosier, Jin Haywood, Simon Osborne, Andreas Minnikin, Jennifer Murphy, Andreas Petzold, C. Reeves, Paul Williams

142. Contrasting Organic Aerosol Behaviour in Continental Polluted, Biomass Burning and Pristine Tropical Forest Environments
G. McFiggans, B. Svenningsson, Alfred Wiedensohler, K. Hämeri, Markku Kulmala, E. Swietlicki, H. C. Hansson, A. Massling, Tuukka Petäjä, P. Tunved, Ernest Weingartner, Urs Baltensperger, Peter H. McMurry

143. Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006
Andreas Minnikin, Thomas Hamburger, Hans Schlager, Markus Fiebig, Andreas Petzold

144. Closure Between Chemical Composition and Hygroscopic Growth of Aerosol Particles During TORCH2
M. Gysel, Jonathan Crosier, D. O. Topping, J. D. Whitehead, K. N. Bower, M. J. Cubison, Paul Williams, M. Flynn, G. McFiggans, Hugh Coe

145. Heterogeneous Oxidation of Saturated Organic Particles by OH
Ingrid George, Alexander Vlasenko, Jay Slowik, Jonathan Abbatt

146. Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics
A. S. Safatov, I. S. Andreeva, G. A. Buryak, V. V. Marchenko, S. E. Ol'kin, I. K. Reznikova, V. E. Repin, A. N. Sergeev, B. D. Belan, M. V. Panchenko

147. Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer
Christophe Verhaege, Pascal Personne, Valery Shcherbakov

148. Number Density and Carbon Concentration of Accumulation Mode Particles over the North Pacific Ocean
Kiyoshi Matsumoto, Mitsuo Uematsu

149. Comparative Effect of Airborne Pollutants on 3 Ångstrom Turbidity Coefficients
Chih-Chung Wen, Chin-Hsiang Luo

150. Weekly Distribution of the Aerosol Pollution of the Atmosphere in Tbilisi
A. G. Amiranashvili, V. A. Amiranashvili, D. D. Kirkitadze, K. A. Tavartkiladze

151. The Influence of Relative Humidity on the Changeability of the Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth
K. A. Tavartkiladze, A. G. Amiranashvili

152. Ground-based Observations of the Chemical Composition of Asian Outflow Aerosols
Charles C. -K. Chou, S. J. Chen, M. T. Cheng, W. C. Hsu, C. T. Lee, Y. L. Wu, C. S. Yuan, S. -C. Hsu, C. S. -C. Lung, Shaw C. Liu

153. The Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei over the Bohai Gulf
Lixin Shi, Ying Duan, Xiaobo Dong

154. Study of Aerosol Emission at Continental Area of Russia
V. V. Smirnov

155. Modeling the Non-ideal Thermodynamics of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Aerosols
A. Zuend, C. Marcolli, B. P. Luo, T. Peter

156. 7Be–210Pb Concentration Ratio in Ground Level Air in Málaga (36.7° N, 4.5° W)
C. Dueñas, M. C. Fernández, S. Cañete, M. Pérez

157. Chemical Composition and Size Distribution of Fine Aerosol Particles Measured with AMS on the East Coast of the Baltic Sea
J. Ovadnevaite, D. ?eburnis, K. Kvietkus, I. Rimšelyte, E. Pesliakait

158. Uptake of Nitric Acid on NaCl Single Crystals Measured by Backscattering Spectrometry
Maurus Hess, Ulrich K. Krieger, C. Marcolli, T. Peter

159. Investigation of the Heterogeneous Reactions Between Ammonia and Nitric Acid Aerosols
Thomas Townsend, John R. Sodeau

160. Carbonaceous Materials in Size-segregated Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in North-western Portugal
C. L. Mieiro, A. Penetra, R. M. B. Duarte, C. A. Pio, A. C. Duarte

161. Using Föhn Conditions to Characterize Urban and Regional Sources of Particles
D. Mira-Salama, R. Dingenen, C. Gruening, J. -P. Putaud, F. Cavalli, P. Cavalli, N. Erdmann, A. Dell'Acqua, S. Dos Santos, J. Hjorth, F. Raes, N. R. Jensen

162. Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in the Free Troposphere over Siberia
M. Yu. Arshinov, B. D. Belan, Ph. Nedelec, J. -D. Paris, T. Machida

163. EC/OC at Two Sites in Prague
Jaroslav Schwarz, Xuguang Chi, Willy Maenhaut, Martin Civiš, Jan Hovorka, J. Smolík

164. Submicrometric Aerosol Size Distributions in Southwestern Spain: Relation with Meteorological Parameters
M. Sorribas, V. E. Cachorro, J. A. Adame, Birgit Wehner, W. Birmili, Alfred Wiedensohler, A. M. Frutos, B. A. Morena

165. Characterization of a Propane Soot Generator
E. Barthazy, O. Stetzer, C. Derungs, S. Wahlen, Ulrike Lohmann

166. Aerosol Particle Formation Events at Two Siberian Stations
Miikka Maso, L. Sogacheva, A. Vlasov, A. Staroverova, A. Lushnikov, M. Anisimov, V. A. Zagaynov, T. V. Khodzher, V. A. Obolkin, Yu S. Lyubotseva, Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen

167. Characterization of Rural Aerosol in Southern Germany (HAZE 2002)
J. Schneider, N. Hock, S. Borrmann, G. Moortgat, A. Römpp, T. Franze, C. Schauer, U. Pöschl, C. Plass-Dülmer, H. Berresheim

168. Chemical Composition, Regional Sources, and Seasonal Patterns of TSP Aerosols at Mace Head
Darius Ceburnis, Colin D. O'Dowd, C. Mulroy, S. G. Jennings

169. The Formation of Radiatively Active Aerosol from Coastal Nucleation Events
Regis G. Dupuy, C. Mulroy, S. G. Jennings

170. Funneling of Meteoric Material into the Polar Winter Vortex
Linda Megner

171. Connection Between Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Particle Number Concentration in the Air in Tbilisi
A. G. Amiranashvili, V. A. Amiranashvili, D. D. Kirkitadze, K. A. Tavartkiladze

Part VIII. Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth

172. Regional Air Quality–Atmospheric Nucleation Interactions
JaeGun Jung, Peter J. Adams, Spyros N. Pandis

173. Atmospheric Nucleation
Markku Kulmala

174. Density of Boreal Forest Aerosol Particles as a Function of Mode Diameter
J. Kannosto, A. Virtanen, T. Rönkkö, Pasi Aalto, J. Keskinen, Markku Kulmala

175. Effects of Photochemistry and Convection on the UT/LS Aerosol Nucleation: Observations
David R. Benson, Shan-Hu Lee, Li-Hao Young, William M. Montanaro, Heikki Junninen, Markku Kulmala, Teresa L. Campos, David C. Rogers, Jorgen Jensen

176. Estimating Nanoparticle Growth Rates from Size-Dependent Charged Fractions – Analysis of New Particle Formation Events in Mexico City
Kenjiro Iida, Mark R. Stolzenburg, Peter H. McMurry, James N. Smith

177. Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest
Tanja Suni, Markku Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, Anne Hirsikko, Tommi Bergman, Pasi Aalto, Marko Vana, Urmas Horrak, Aadu Mirme, S. Mirme, Lauri Laakso, Miikka Maso, Ray Leuning, Helen Cleugh, Steve Zegelin, Dale Hughes, Richard Hurley, Eva Gorsel, Mark Kitchen, Melita Keywood, Jason Ward, Hannele Hakola, Jaana Bäck, Carol Tadros, John Twining, Jussi Paatero

178. Factors Controlling Spring and Summer Time Aerosol Size Distributions in the Arctic: A Global Model Study
Hannele Korhonen, Dominick V. Spracklen, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Graham W. Mann

179. The Impact of Boundary Layer Nucleation on Global CCN
D. S. Spracklen, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Markku Kulmala, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Sanna-Liisa Sihto, Ilona Riipinen

180. Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Extinction by Mixed Organic/Sulfate Particles
Melinda R. Beaver, Tahllee Baynard, Rebecca M. Garland, Christa Hasenkopf, A. R. Ravishankara, Margaret A. Tolbert

181. Evaporation Rates and Saturation Vapour Pressures of C3–C6 Dicarboxylic Acids
Ilona Riipinen, Ismo K. Koponen, Merete Bilde, Anca I. Hienola, Markku Kulmala

182. Aerosol Formation from Plant Emissions: The Jülich Plant Chamber Experiments
Miikka Maso, T. Mentel, A. Kiendler-Scharr, T. Hohaus, E. Kleist, M. Miebach, R. Tillmann, R. Uerlings, R. Fisseha, P. Griffiths, Y. Rudich, E. Dinar, J. Wildt

183. Upward Fluxes of Particles over Forests: When, Where, Why?
S. C. Pryor, R. J. Barthelmie, L. L. Sørensen, S. E. Larsen

184. Observations of Winter-time Nucleation and Particle Growth over/in a Forest
S. C. Pryor, R. J. Barthelmie

185. Ion-mediated Nucleation as an Important Source of Global Tropospheric Aerosols
Fangqun Yu, Zifa Wang, Richard P. Turco

186. Atmospheric Aerosol and Ion Characteristics during EUCAP (Eucalypt Forest Aerosols and Precursors)
Tanja Suni, Zoran Ristovski, Lidia Morawska, Alex Guenther, Andrew Turnipseed, L. Sogacheva, Markku Kulmala, Hannele Hakola, Jaana Bäck

187. Revising the Fuchs “Boundary Sphere” Method
Vladimir Smorodin

188. Atmospheric Charged and Total Particle Formation Rates below 3 nm
Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, H. E. Manninen, T. Nieminen, Mikko Sipilä, Tuukka Petäjä

189. An Algorithm for Automatic Classification of Two-dimensional Aerosol Data
Heikki Junninen, Ilona Riipinen, Miikka Maso, Markku Kulmala

190. Capturing the Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust
M. Lemmetty, L. Pirjola, E. Vouitsis, J. Keskinen

191. Conditions Favouring New Particle Formation in A Polluted Environment: Results of the QUEST-Po Valley Experiment 2004
M. C. Facchini, L. Emblico, F. Cavalli, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, Ari Laaksonen, M. Rinaldi

192. New Method for Simulation of Supersaturated Vapor Condensation
Naum Kortsensteyn, A. K. Yastrebov

193. Simulations of Iodine Dioxide Nucleation
Henri Vuollekoski, Markku Kulmala, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tatu Anttila, Sanna-Liisa Sihto, Ilona Riipinen, Hannele Korhonen, G. McFiggans, Colin D. O'Dowd

194. Development and Estimation of an Expression of Particle Dry Deposition Process Using the Moment Method
S. Y. Bae, C. H. Jung, Y. P. Kim

195. Investigating the Chemical Composition of Growing Nucleation Mode Particles with CPC Battery
Tuukka Petäjä, H. E. Manninen, Mikko Sipilä, Pasi Aalto, Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, T. Grönholm, K. Hämeri

196. Aerosol Formation from Isoprene: Determination of Particle Nucleation and Growth Rates
B. Verheggen, Ernest Weingartner, Urs Baltensperger, A. Metzger, Jonathan Duplissy, J. Dommen, A. S. H. Prévôt

197. Heterogeneous Reactivity of Sulfate-coated CaCO3 Particles with Gaseous Nitric Acid
A. Morikawa, T. Ishizaka, S. Tohno

198. Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties of Fine Aerosol as a Function of Relative Humidity at Gosan, Korea during ABC-EAREX 2005
Kwang-Joo Moon, Jin-Seok Han, Yoo-Duck Hong

199. Austral Summer Particle Formation Events Observed at the King Sejong Station
Y. J. Yoon, B. Y. Lee, T. J. Choi, T. G. Seo, Seong Soo Yum

200. Analysing the Number Concentration of 50 nm Particles with Multivariate Mixed Effects Model
S. Mikkonen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, A. Hamed, J. Joutsensaari, Ari Laaksonen

201. Aerosol Dynamics Box Model Studies on the Connection of Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation
Sanna-Liisa Sihto, Henri Vuollekoski, J. Leppä, Ilona Riipinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Hannele Korhonen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Markku Kulmala

202. Effect of Vegetation on Aerosol Formation in South-east Australia
Tanja Suni, Hannele Hakola, Jaana Bäck, Richard Hurley, Eva Gorsel, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Markku Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, Ray Leuning, Helen Cleugh, Heather Keith

203. Linear Model of Nucleation Burst in the Atmosphere
A. Lushnikov, Markku Kulmala, Yu S. Lyubotseva

204. Condensational Growth of n-Propanol and n-Nonane Droplets: Experiments and Model Calculations
Ilona Riipinen, Paul M. Winkler, Paul E. Wagner, Anca I. Hienola, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Markku Kulmala

205. Connections Between Ambient Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation in Hyytiälä and Heideleberg
Ilona Riipinen, Sanna-Liisa Sihto, Markku Kulmala, Frank Arnold, Miikka Maso, W. Birmili, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Ari Laaksonen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen

206. Do We Miss Fragile Particles in Particle Size Distribution Measurements?
Michael Boy, Boris Bonn, Hannele Korhonen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala

Part IX. Marine Aerosol Production

207. Organic Marine Aerosol: State-of-the-Art and New Findings
M. C. Facchini, Colin D. O'Dowd

208. Physicochemical Characterisation of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Particles during the Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) Experiment
Justin J. N. Lingard, Barbara J. Brooks, Sarah J. Norris, Ian M. Brooks, M. H. Smith

209. Iodine Speciation in Marine Boundary Layer
Senchao Lai, Nicola Springer, Julia Münz, Thorsten Hoffmann

210. DOAS Measurements of Iodine Oxides in the Framework of the MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) Project
Katja Seitz

211. Chemical Fluxes in North-east Atlantic Air
Darius Ceburnis, Colin D. O'Dowd, M. C. Facchini, L. Emblico, S. Decesari, J. Sakalys, S. G. Jennings

212. On the Contribution of Isoprene Oxidation to Marine Aerosol over the Northeast Atlantic
Tatu Anttila, Bärbel Langmann, Saji Varghese, Colin D. O'Dowd, Claire Scannell

213. Organic Fraction in Recently Formed Nucleation Event Particles in Mace Head Coastal Atmosphere during Map 2006 Summer Campaign
P. Vaattovaara, Ari Laaksonen, A. Kortelainen

214. A Global Emission Inventory of Submicron Sea-spray Aerosols
Colin D. O'Dowd, Claire Scannell

215. A Combined Organic–Inorganic Sea-spray Source Function
Bärbel Langmann, Saji Varghese, Colin D. O'Dowd, Claire Scannell, Darius Ceburnis, M. C. Facchini

216. Observations of Oceanic Whitecap Coverage in the North Atlantic during Gale Force Winds
Adrian Callaghan, Gerrit Leeuw, Leo Cohen

217. Primary Marine Aerosol Produced during Bubble Bursting Experiments Using Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Atlantic Waters
Kim Hultin, E. Douglas Nilsson, Radovan Krejci, Gerrit Leeuw, Monica Mårtensson

218. Similarity Between Aerosol Physicochemical Properties at a Coastal Station and Open Ocean over the North Atlantic
M. Rinaldi, M. C. Facchini, C. Carbone, E. Finessi, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, Darius Ceburnis, Colin D. O'Dowd

219. Marine Aerosol and Secondary Particle Formation over the North Atlantic
Mikael Ehn, Tuukka Petäjä, Pasi Aalto, Markku Kulmala, Gerrit Leeuw, Colin D. O'Dowd

220. Role of the Volatile Fraction of Marine Aerosol on its Hygroscopic Properties
Karine Sellegri, Paolo Laj, Paolo Villani, Regis G. Dupuy, Colin D. O'Dowd, David Picard

221. Sea Salt Production and Distribution over the North-east Atlantic
Bärbel Langmann, Saji Varghese, Colin D. O'Dowd

222. Evaluation of Measured and Predicted Cloud Condensation Nuclei in Mace Head
John Byrne, Colin D. O'Dowd, Regis G. Dupuy, S. G. Jennings

Part X. Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds

223. Aerosol Impact on Remote Sensing in Coastal Environment
G. A. Kaloshin

224. Full Column Aerosol Optical Depth Observations in the Vicinity of Clouds
Jens Redemann, Qin Zhang, Philip B. Russell, John M. Livingston

225. Dust Intrusion Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Lidar Data
Sabina Stefan, Anca Nemuc, C. Talianu, D. Nicolae, V. Filip, J. Ciuciu

226. Alignment of Atmospheric Dust Observed by High-Sensitivity Optical Polarimetry
Z. Ulanowski, J. Bailey, P. W. Lucas, J. H. Hough, E. Hirst

227. Retrieval of Aerosol Distributions by Multi-Axis Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)
R. Sinreich, U. Frieß, T. Wagner, S. Yilmaz, U. Platt

228. Variations of Desert Dust Optical Properties over Solar Village, KSA
F. M. Hasan, I. Sabbah

229. Atmospheric Aerosols Optical Properties and Climate over Solar Village, KSA
F. M. Hasan, I. Sabbah

230. Aerosol Optical Depth Determination by Combination of Lidar and Sun Photometer
T. Evgenieva, N. Kolev, I. Iliev, I. Kolev

231. Wind Speed Influences on Aerosol Optical Depth in Clean Marine Air
J. P. Mulcahy, Colin D. O'Dowd, S. G. Jennings, Darius Ceburnis

232. Validation of Satellite Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth with Ground-based Measurements at Mace Head, Ireland
J. P. Mulcahy, Colin D. O'Dowd, S. G. Jennings, W. Hoyningen-Huene, J. P. Burrows

Part XI. Chemical Composition and Cloud Drop Activation

233. Laboratory Studies on the Properties and Processes of Complex Organic Aerosols
Y. Rudich, E. Dinar, I. Taraniuk, A. A. Riziq, E. Graber, C. Erlick, Tatu Anttila, T. Mentel

234. Internal Mixing of Organic and Elemental Components in DYCOMS-II Cloud Drop Activation
Lelia N. Hawkins, Lynn M. Russell, Cynthia H. Twohy

235. Optical Particle Counter Measurement of Marine Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth
Jefferson R. Snider, Markus D. Petters

236. Aerosol–CCN Closure at a Semi-rural Site
R. Y. -W. Chang, P. S. K. Liu, W. R. Leaitch, J. P. D. Abbatt

237. Characterization of Sesquiterpene Secondary Organic Aerosol: Thermodynamic Properties, Aging Characteristics, CCN Activity, and Droplet Growth Kinetic Analysis
A. Asa-Awuku, G. Engelhart, B. H. Lee, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes

238. Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles Mixed with Sulfate
Stephanie M. King, Thomas Rosenoern, J. E. Shilling, Qi Chen, S. T. Martin

239. Particle Size Critical Supersaturation Relationships
James G. Hudson, C. F. Rogers

240. Aerosol Microphysics in the GISS Climate Model
S. E. Bauer, D. Wright, D. Koch, Surabi Menon, Robert McGraw

241. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Online Chemical Composition Analysis by Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionisation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TDCIAMS)
G. Eyglunent, A. Leperson, G. Solignac, N. Marchand, A. Monod

242. Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity at Jeju Island (Korea) in Spring
Mikinori Kuwata, Yuzo Miyazaki, Yuichi Komazaki, Yutaka Kondo, Jong Hwan Kim, Seong Soo Yum

243. CCN Properties of Water-soluble Organic Compounds Produced by Common Bioaerosols
Sanna Ekström, Barbara Noziére, H. C. Hansson

244. An Annual Study of Organic Atmospheric Aerosol from a Rural Site of Madrid (Spain)
Ana I. Barrado, Susana García, Rosa M. Pérez, Oscar Pindado

245. Fine Particulate Matter in Apulia (South Italy): Chemical Characterization
M. Amodio, P. Bruno, M. Caselli, G. Gennaro, P. Ielpo, B. E. Daresta, P. R. Dambruoso, C. M. Placentino, M. Tutino

Avainsanat: Physics, Physics, general, Mechanics, Fluids, Thermodynamics

Tekijä(t)
 
Julkaisija
Springer
Julkaisuvuosi
2008
Kieli
en
Painos
1
Sivumäärä
1294 sivua
Kategoria
Eksaktit luonnontieteet
Tiedostomuoto
E-kirja
eISBN (PDF)
9781402064753

Samankaltaisia e-kirjoja