The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India

1. Introduction: Ecological Metaphors, Minority Voices, and Language Education in the Kumaun
Cynthia Groff

2. Lakshmi Ashram and the Kumaun: Young Women and Gandhian Educators in Their Linguistic and Educational Context
Cynthia Groff

3. National-Level Language and Education Policies in India: Kumaunis as Linguistic Minorities
Cynthia Groff

4. Language and Ethnography: Conducting Research in the Kumaun
Cynthia Groff

5. Language Use and Language Labels in Community: Bhasha and Boli

Cynthia Groff

6. Mother Tongue and Medium of Instruction: Official and Unofficial Language Choices in the Kumaun
Cynthia Groff

7. Language Ecology in the Kumaun: The Value of Each and Relationships Among Them
Cynthia Groff

8. Young Women, Aims, and Education in the Kumaun
Cynthia Groff

9. Empowerment, Moving Forward, and Alternative Values in Education
Cynthia Groff

10. Conclusions: The Ecology of Language and Biliteracy in the Kumaun and Beyond
Cynthia Groff

Avainsanat: Linguistics, Asian Languages, Asian Literature, Sociolinguistics, Indo-Iranian Languages, Anthropology