The Nidoviruses

I.Viral RNA Synthesis

1. The Coronavirus Replicase: Insights into a Sophisticated Enzyme Machinery
John Ziebuhr

2. Biochemical Aspects of Coronavirus Replication
Luis Enjuanes, Fernando Almazán, Isabel Sola, Sonia Zúñiga, Enrique Alvarez, Juan Reguera, Carmen Capiscol

3. A Previously Unrecognized Unr Stem-Loop Structure in the Coronavirus 5’ Untranslated Region Plays a Functional role in Replication
Pinghua Liu, Jason J. Millership, Lichun Li, David P. Giedroc, Julian L. Leibowitz

4. Regulation of Coronavirus Transcription: Viral and Cellular Proteins Interacting with Transcription-Regulating Sequences
Sonia Zúñiga, Isabel Sola, Jose L. Moreno, Sara Alonso, Luis Enjuanes

5. Deubiquitinating Activity of the SARS-CoV Papain-Like Protease
Naina Barretto, Dalia Jukneliene, Kiira Ratia, Zhongbin Chen, Andrew D. Mesecar, Susan C. Baker

6. Nucleocapsid Protein Expression Facilitates Coronavirus Replication
Barbara Schelle, Nadja Karl, Burkhard Ludewig, Stuart G. Siddell, Volker Thiel

7. Non Structural Proteins 8 and 9 of Human Coronavirus 229E
Rajesh Ponnusamy, Jeroen R. Mesters, John Ziebuhr, Ralf Moll, Rolf Hilgenfeld

8. Effects of Mutagenesis of Murine Hepatitis Virus NSP1 and NSP14 on Replication in Culture
Lance D. Eckerle, Sarah M. Brockway, Steven M. Sperry, Xiaotao Lu, Mark R. Denison

9. Mutational Analysis of MHV-A59 Replicase Protein-NSP10
Eric F. Donaldson, Amy C. Sims, Damon J. Deming, Ralph S. Baric

10. The NSP2 Proteins of Mouse Hepatitis Virus and Sars Coronavirus are Dispensable for Viral Replication
Rachel L. Graham, Amy C. Sims, Ralph S. Baric, Mark R. Denison

11. Molecular Dissection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Putative Nonstructural Protein 2
Kay S. Faaberg, Jun Han, Yue Wang

12. Differential role of N-Terminal Polyprotein Processing in Coronavirus Genome Replication and Minigenome Amplification
Carmen Galán, Luis Enjuanes, Fernando Almazán

13. Identification and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Subgenomic RNAs
Snawar Hussain, Ji'an Pan, Jing Xu, Yalin Yang, Yu Chen, Yu Peng, Ying Wu, Zhaoyang Li, Ying Zhu, Po Tien, Deyin Guo

14. Identification and Characterization of a Unique Ribosomal Frameshifting Signal in SARS-CoV ORF3A
Xiao X. Wang, Ying Liao, Sek M. Wong, Ding X. Liu

15. Adp-Ribose-1”-Phosphatase Activities of the Human Coronavirus 229E and Sars Coronavirus X Domains
Ákos Putics, Jutta Slaby, Witold Filipowicz, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, John Ziebuhr

16. Nonstructural Proteins of Human Coronavirus NL63
Yvonne Piotrowski, Lia Hoek, Krzysztof Pyrc, Ben Berkhout, Ralf Moll, Rolf Hilgenfeld

17. MHV-A59 Orf1a Replicase Protein NSP7-NSP10 Processing in Replication
Damon J. Deming, Rachel L. Graham, Mark R. Denison, Ralph S. Baric

18. Stem-Loop 1 in the 5’ UTR of the Sars Coronavirus can Substitute for its Counterpart in Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Hyojeung Kang, Min Feng, Meagan E. Schroeder, David P. Giedroc, Julian L. Leibowitz

19. Transcriptional Regulation of RNA3 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Soonjeon Youn, Ellen W. Collisson, Carolyn E. Machamer

II.Protein Synthesis, Structure, and Processing

20. Structure, Expression, and Intracellular Localization of the SARS-CoV Accessory Proteins 7a and 7b
Andrew Pekosz, Scott R. Schaecher, Michael S. Diamond, Daved H. Fremont, Amy C. Sims, Ralph S. Baric

21. Sumoylation of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus by Interaction with UBC9
Qisheng Li, Han Xiao, James P. Tam, Ding X. Liu

22. Importance of MHV-CoV A59 Nucleocapsid Protein Cooh-Terminal Negative Charges
Valerie Bednar, Sandhya Verma, Andrew Blount, Brenda G. Hogue

23. Expression and Structural Analysis of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleoprotein
Kelly-Anne Spencer, Julian A. Hiscox

24. Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Activates the IRE1/XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response
John Bechill, Zhongbin Chen, Joseph W. Brewer, Susan C. Baker

25. The Nuclear Localization Signal of the Prrs Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Modulates Viral Replication in vitro and Antibody Response in vivo
Changhee Lee, Douglas C. Hodgins, Jay G. Calvert, Siao-Kun Wan Welch, Rika Jolie, Dongwan Yoo

26. Sars Coronavirus Accessory ORFs Encode Luxury Functions
Matthew B. Frieman, Boyd Yount, Amy C. Sims, Damon J. Deming, Thomas E. Morrison, Jennifer Sparks, Mark Denison, Mark Heise, Ralph S. Baric

27. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-COV
Ying Fang, Andrew Pekosz, Lia Haynes, Eric A. Nelson, Raymond R. R. Rowland

28. Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Phosphorylation
Tiana C. White, Brenda G. Hogue

III.Viral Assembly and Release

29. Genetic and Molecular Biological Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions in Coronavirus Assembly
Paul S. Masters, Lili Kuo, Rong Ye, Kelley R. Hurst, Cheri A. Koetzner, Bilan Hsue

30. New Insights on the Structure and Morphogenesis of Berne Virus
Ana Garzón, Ana M. Maestre, Jaime Pignatelli, M. Teresa Rejas, Dolores Rodríguez

31. Ultrastructure of SARS-CoV, FIPV, and MHV Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy
Benjamin W. Neuman, Brian D. Adair, Craig Yoshioka, Joel D. Quispe, Ronald A. Milligan, Mark Yeager, Michael J. Buchmeier

32. Role of Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Envelope Protein Transmembrane Domain
Ye Ye, Brenda G. Hogue

33. The Transmembrane Domain of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus E Protein is Required for Efficient Virus Release
Carolyn E. Machamer, Soonjeon Youn

34. Viroporin Activity of SARS-CoV E Protein
Ying Liao, James P. Tam, Ding X. Liu

35. Efficient Transduction of Dendritic Cells Using Coronavirus-Based Vectors
Klara K. Eriksson, Divine Makia, Reinhard Maier, Luisa Cervantes, Burkhard Ludewig, Volker Thiel

IV.Viral Entry

36. Insights from the Association of SARS-CoV S-Protein with its Receptor, ACE2
Wenhui Li, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan

37. Attachment Factor and Receptor Engagement of Sars Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63
Heike Hofmann, Andrea Marzi, Thomas Gramberg, Martina Geier, Krzysztof Pyrc, Lia Hoek, Ben Berkhout, Stefan Pöhlmann

38. Interactions Between Sars Coronavirus and its Receptor
Fang Li, Wenhui Li, Michael Farzan, Stephen C. Harrison

39. Proteolysis of Sars-Associated Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein
Graham Simmons, Andrew J. Rennekamp, Paul Bates

40. Fluorescence Dequenching Assays of Coronavirus Fusion
Victor C. Chu, Lisa J. McElroy, Beverley E. Bauman, Gary R. Whittaker

41. Porcine Arterivirus Entry in Macrophages: Heparan Sulfate – Mediated Attachment, Sialoadhesin-Mediated Internalization, and a Cell-Specific Factor Mediating Virus Disassembly and Genome Release
Peter L. Delputte, H. J. Nauwynck

42. Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection by Proteases
Shutoku Matsuyama, Makoto Ujike, Koji Ishii, Shuetsu Fukushi, Shigeru Morikawa, Masato Tashiro, Fumihiro Taguchi

43. Increased Viral Titers and Subtle Changes in Plaque Morphology Upon Passage of SARS-CoV in Cells from Different Species
Laura Gillim-Ross, Lindsay K. Heller, Emily R. Olivieri, David E. Wentworth

44. Human Coronavirus 229E can Use CD209L (L-Sign) to Enter Cells
Scott A. Jeffers, Erin M. Hemmila, Kathryn V. Holmes

45. Intracellular Transport of the S Proteins of Coronaviruses
Christel Schwegmann-Weßels, Xiaofeng Ren, Georg Herrler

46. Analysis of SARS-CoV Receptor Activity of ACE2 Orthologs
Emily R. Olivieri, Lindsey K. Heller, Laura Gillim-Ross, David E. Wentworth

47. Interaction Between the Spike Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 and its Cellular Receptor ACE2
Stefan Pöhlmann, Thomas Gramberg, Anja Wegele, Krzysztof Pyrc, Lia Hoek, Ben Berkhout, Heike Hofmann

48. Human Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a Receptor for Human Respiratory Coronavirus NL63
M. K. Smith, Sonia Tusell, Emily A. Travanty, Ben Berkhout, Lia Hoek, Kathryn V. Holmes

49. Molecular Interactions of Group 1 Coronaviruses with Feline APN
Sonia M. Tusell, Kathryn V. Holmes

50. Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Functional Analysis of Sars Coronavirus Spike Protein
Shuetsu Fukushi, Tetsuya Mizutani, Masayuki Saijo, Shutoku Matsuyama, Fumihiro Taguchi, Ichiro Kurane, Shigeru Morikawa

51. Subcellular Localization of SARS-CoV Structural Proteins
Lisa A. Lopez, Ariel Jones, William D. Arndt, Brenda G. Hogue

52. Spike Gene Determinants of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Host Range Expansion
Willie C. McRoy, Ralph S. Baric

53. Virion-Liposome Interactions Identify a Cholesterol-Independent Coronavirus Entry Stage
Joseph A. Boscarino, Jeffrey M. Goletz, Thomas M. Gallagher

54. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Enters Cells Via the Endocytic Pathway
Victor C. Chu, Lisa J. McElroy, A Damon Ferguson, Beverley E. Bauman, Gary R. Whittaker

55. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Nucleolus Using Meta-Confocal Microscopy in Cells Expressing the Coronavirus Nucleoprotein
Jae-Hwan You, Mark L. Reed, Brian K. Dove, Julian A. Hiscox

56. Dissection of the Fusion Machine of Sars-Coronavirus
Megan W. Howard, Brian Tripet, Michael G. Jobling, Randall K. Holmes, Kathryn V. Holmes, Robert S. Hodges

57. Characterization of Persistent SARS-CoV Infection in Vero E6 Cells
Tetsuya Mizutani, Shuetsu Fukushi, Masayuki Saijo, Ichiro Kurane, Shigeru Morikawa

58. Receptor-Independent Spread of a Neurotropic Murine Coronavirus MHV-JHMv in Mixed Neural Culture
Keiko Nakagaki, Kazuhide Nakagaki, Fumihiro Taguchi

59. Receptor-Independent Infection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus: Analysis by Spinoculation
Rie Watanabe, Kazumitsu Suzuki, Fumihiro Taguchi

60. SARS-CoV, But not HCoV-NL63, Utilizes Cathepsins to Infect Cells: Viral Entry
I-Chueh Huang, Berend Jan Bosch, Wenhui Li, Michael Farzan, Peter M. Rottier, Hyeryun Choe

V.Pathogenesis of Non-Human Coronaviruses

61. Coronavirus Immunity: From T Cells to B Cells
Cornelia C. Bergmann, S. I. Tschen, Chandran Ramakrishna, J. M. Gonzales, Stephan A. Stohlman

62. RAT Coronavirus Infection of Primary RAT Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Kathryn V. Holmes, Robert J. Mason, Tanya A. Miura, Jieru Wang

63. Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Induces Cell-Cycle Perturbations
Brian K. Dove, Katrina Bicknell, Gavin Brooks, Sally Harrison, Julian A. Hiscox

64. Genes 3 and 5 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus are Accessory Protein Genes
Paul Britton, Rosa Casais, Teri Hodgson, Marc Davis, Dave Cavanagh

65. NKG2D Signaling and Host Defense after Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System
Kevin B. Walsh, Melissa B. Lodoen, Lewis L. Lanier, Thomas E. Lane

66. Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 1 as a Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Sars)
Nadine DeAlbuquerque, Ehtesham Baig, Max Xuezhong, Itay Shalev, M. James Phillips, Marlena Habal, Julian Leibowitz, Ian McGilvray, Jagdish Butany, Eleanor Fish, Gary Levy

67. Persistent Coronavirus Infection of Progenitor Oligodendrocytes
Yin Liu, Xuming Zhang

68. CD8+ T-Cell Priming During a Central Nervous System Infection with Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Katherine C. MacNamara, Susan R. Weiss

69. Antibody-Mediated Virus Clearance from Neurons of Rats Infected with Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus
Norio Hirano, Hideharu Taira, Shigehiro Sato, Tsutomu Hashikawa, Koujiro Tohyama

70. Developing Bioinformatic Resources for Coronaviruses
Susan C. Baker, Dalia Jukneliene, Anjan Purkayastha, Eric E. Snyder, Oswald R. Crasta, Michael J. Czar, Joao C. Setubal, Bruno W. Sobral

71. Autoantibodies Exacerbate the Severity of MHV-Induced Encephalitis
Renaud Burrer, Matthias G. Herrath, Tom Wolfe, Julia D. Rempel, Antonio Iglesias, Michael J. Buchmeier

72. Analysis of the N Protein in Feline Coronavirus Strains in Italy
Mara Battilani, Ambra Foschi, Alessandra Scagliarini, Sara Ciulli, Santino Prosperi, Luigi Morganti

73. Differential Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Primary Mouse Astrocytes and Microglia by Coronavirus Infection
Dongdong Yu, Xuming Zhang

74. Preferential Infection of Mature Dendritic Cells by the JHM Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Haixia Zhou, Stanley Perlman

75. Role of the Replicase Gene of Murine Coronavirus JHM Strain in Hepatitis
Sonia Navas-Martín, Maarten Brom, Susan R. Weiss

76. Identification of the Receptor for FGL2 and Implications for Susceptibility to Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV-3)-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis
Hao Liu, Li Zhang, Myron Cybulsky, Reg Gorczynski, Jennifer Crookshank, Justin Manuel, David Grant, Gary Levy

VI.Pathogenesis of Arteriviruses and Toroviruses

77. Equine Viral Arteritis
N. James MacLachlan, Udeni B. Balasuriya

78. Use of a PRRSV Infectious Clone to Evaluate in Vitro Quasispecies Evolution
Susan K. Schommer, Steven B. Kleiboeker

79. Gamma-Interferon Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lactate Dehydrogenase–Elevating Virus Infection
Andrei Musaji, Dominique Markine-Goriaynoff, Stéphanie Franquin, Gaëtan Thirion, Thao Le Thi Phuong, Jean-Paul Coutelier

80. Replication and Expression Analysis of PRRSV Defective RNA
Jun Han, Kelly M. Burkhart, Eric M. Vaughn, Michael B. Roof, Kay S. Faaberg

81. Efficacy of an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine: Induction of Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Partial Virological Protection upon Challenge
Gerald Misinzo, Peter L. Delputte, Peter Meerts, Christa Drexler, Hans J. Nauwynck

VII.Pathogenesis of Human Coronaviruses

82. Sars and Other Coronaviruses in Humans and Animals
Leo L. M. Poon

83. Animal Models for Sars
Anjeanette Roberts, Kanta Subbarao

84. HCoV-Oc43–Induced Apoptosis of Murine Neuronal Cells
Hélène Jacomy, Pierre J. Talbot

85. Infection of Human Airway Epithelia by Sars Coronavirus is Associated with ACE2 Expression and Localization
Hong Peng Jia, Dwight C. Look, Melissa Hickey, Lei Shi, Lecia Pewe, Jason Netland, Michael Farzan, Christine Wohlford-Lenane, Stanley Perlman, Paul B. McCray

86. Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection is Associated with Croup
Alexander Stang, Krzysztof Pyrc, Maarten F. Jebbink, Gudula Petersen, Johannes Forster, Ben Berkhout, Klaus Überla, Lia Hoek, Klaus Sure, Gabriele Ihorst

87. A SARS-CoV–Specific Protein Enhances Virulence of an Attenuated Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Lecia Pewe, Haixia Zhou, Jason Netland, Chandra Tangadu, Heidi Olivares, Lei Shi, Dwight Look, Thomas Gallagher, Stanley Perlman

88. Genetic Evolution of Human Coronavirus OC43 in Neural Cell Culture
Julien R. St-Jean, Marc Desforges, Pierre J. Talbot

89. Synergistic Inhibition of Sars-Coronavirus Replication by Type I and Type II IFN
Eric C. Mossel, Bruno Sainz, Robert F. Garry, C. J. Peters

90. Mustela Vison ACE2 Functions as a Receptor for Sars-Coronavirus
Lindsay K. Heller, Laura Gillim-Ross, Emily R. Olivieri, David E. Wentworth

91. HCoV-229E Infects and Activates Monocytes
Marc Desforges, Tina Miletti, Mylène Gagnon, Pierre J. Talbot

92. Pathological and Virological Analyses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus Infections in Experimantal Animals
Noriyo Nagata, Naoko Iwata, Hideki Hasegawa, Yasuko Asahi-Ozaki, Yuko Sato, Ayako Harashima, Shigeru Morikawa, Masayuki Saijo, Shigeyuki Itamura, Takehiko Saito, Takato Odagiri, Masato Tashiro, Yasushi Ami, Tetsutaro Sata

93. Identification of Ferret ACE2 and its Receptor Function for Sars-Coronavirus
Aya Zamoto, Fumihiro Taguchi, Shuetsu Fukushi, Shigeru Morikawa, Yasuko K. Yamada

94. Human Coronavirus-NL63 Infection is not Associated with Acute Kawasaki Disease
S. C. Baker, C. Shimizu, H. Shike, F. Garcia, L. Hoek, T. W. Kuijper, S. L. Reed, A. H. Rowley, S. T. Shulman, H. K. B. Talbot, J. V. Williams, J. C. Burns

95. Toward the Development of an Infectious cDNA Clone of a Human Enteric Coronavirus
Hongqing Zhu, Yin Liu, Yingyun Cai, Dongdong Yu, Yinghui Pu, Laura Harmon, Xuming Zhang

96. HCoV-OC43–Induced Encephalitis is in Part Immune-Mediated
Noah Butler, Lecia Pewe, Kathryn Trandem, Stanley Perlman

97. Sars Cov Replication and Pathogenesis in Human Airway Airway Epithelial Cultures
Amy C. Sims, Boyd Yount, Susan E. Burkett, Ralph S. Baric, Raymond J. Pickles

98. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV: the Receptor-Binding Domain of S Protein is a Major Target of Neutralizing Antibodies
Yuxian He

99. Glia Expression of MHC During CNS Infection by Neurotropic Coronavirus
Karen E. Malone, Chandran Ramakrishna, J.-M. Gonzalez, Stephan A. Stohlman, Cornelia C. Bergmann

100. Resurrection of an “Extinct” SARS-CoV Isolate GD03 from LATE 2003
Timothy Sheahan, Damon Deming, Eric Donaldson, Raymond Pickles, Ralph Baric

VIII.Vaccines, Antiviral Drugs, and Diagnostics

101. Sars Coronavirus Vaccine Development
Ralph S. Baric, Timothy Sheahan, Damon Deming, Eric Donaldson, Boyd Yount, Amy C. Sims, Rhonda S. Roberts, Matthew Frieman, Barry Rockx

102. Development of Vaccines and Passive Immunotherapy Against Sars Coronavirus Using Mouse and Scid-PBL/hu Mouse Models
Masaji Okada, Yuji Takemoto, Yoshinobu Okuno, Satomi Hashimoto, Yukari Fukunaga, Takao Tanaka, Yoko Kita, Sechiko Kuwayama, Yumiko Muraki, Noriko Kanamaru, Hiroko Takai, Chika Okada, Yayoi Sakaguchi, Izumi Furukawa, Kyoko Yamada, Miwa Izumiya, Shigeto Yoshida, Makoto Matsumoto, Tetsuo Kase, J. S. M. Peiris, Daphne E. deMello, Pei-Jer Chen, Naoki Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka, Tatsuji Nomura, Isao Ishida, Shigeru Morikawa, Masato Tashiro, Mitsunori Sakatani

103. Inhibition and Escape of SARS-CoV Treated with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers
Benjamin W. Neuman, David A. Stein, Andrew D. Kroeker, Richard K. Bestwick, Patrick L. Iversen, Hong M. Moulton, Michael J. Buchmeier

104. Validation of Coronavirus E Proteins Ion Channels as Targets for Antiviral Drugs
Lauren Wilson, Peter Gage, Gary Ewart

105. Identification of Essential Genes as a Strategy to Select a Sars Candidate Vaccine Using a SARS-CoV Infectious cDNA
Fernando Almazán, Marta L. Diego, Carmen Galán, Enrique Álvarez, Luis Enjuanes

106. Structure and Dynamics of Sars Coronavirus Main Proteinase (MPRO)
Rolf Hilgenfeld, Kanchan Anand, Jeroen R. Mesters, Zihe Rao, Xu Shen, Hualiang Jiang, Jinzhi Tan, Koen H. G. Verschueren

107. Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus Dis as a Potential Sars Vaccine
Koji Ishii, Hideki Hasegawa, Noriyo Nagata, Tetsuya Mizutani, Shigeru Morikawa, Masato Tashiro, Tetsuro Suzuki, Fumihiro Taguchi, Toshitada Takemori, Tatsuo Miyamura, Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota

108. Renilla Luciferase as a Reporter to Assess SARS-CoV mRNA Transcription Regulation and Efficacy of ANTI-SARS-CoV Agents
Rhonda S. Roberts, Boyd L. Yount, Amy C. Sims, Susan Baker, Ralph S. Baric

109. Virucidal Effect of a Newly Developed Nickel Alloy on Mouse Coronavirus
Norio Hirano, Takenori Nakayama

110. Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clone of a European-Like Type 1 PRRSV Isolated in the U.S.
Ying Fang, Kay S. Faaberg, Raymond R. R. Rowland, J. Christopher-Hennings, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando Osorio, Eric A. Nelson

111. Identification and Evaluation of Coronavirus Replicase Inhibitors Using a Replicon Cell Line
Elke Scandella, Klara K. Eriksson, Tobias Hertzig, Christian Drosten, Lili Chen, Chunshan Gui, Xiaomin Luo, Jianhua Shen, Xu Shen, Stuart G. Siddell, Burkhard Ludewig, Hualiang Jiang, Stephan Günther, Volker Thiel

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Avainsanat: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Biomedical TEC059000