Foreign Fighters under International Law and Beyond

1. Introduction
Andrea Guttry, Francesca Capone, Christophe Paulussen

Part I. Foreign Fighters: A Multidisciplinary Overview of New Challenges for an Old Phenomenon

2. Foreign Fighters in the Syria and Iraq Conflict: Statistics and Characteristics of a Rapidly Growing Phenomenon
Edwin Bakker, Mark Singleton

3. Foreign Fighters Involvement in National and International Wars: A Historical Survey
Marcello Flores

4. Foreign Fighters as a Challenge for International Relations Theory
Francesco Strazzari

5. Foreign Fighters: Motivations for Travel to Foreign Conflicts
Ross Frenett, Tanya Silverman

6. The Emerging Role of Social Media in the Recruitment of Foreign Fighters
Gabriel Weimann

7. Analysing the Recruitment and Use of Foreign Men and Women in ISIL through a Gender Perspective
Dallin Leuven, Dyan Mazurana, Rachel Gordon

8. The Military Impact of Foreign Fighters on the Battlefield: The Case of the ISIL
Fabrizio Coticchia

Part II. The Legal Dimension: The Status of the Foreign Fighters

9. The Status of Foreign Fighters under International Humanitarian Law
Emanuele Sommario

10. Foreign Fighters and International Criminal Law
Robert Heinsch

11. Child Soldiers: The Expanding Practice of Minors Recruited to Become Foreign Fighters
Francesca Capone

12. Armed Opposition Groups’ (and Foreign Fighters’) Abidance by International Human Rights Law: The Issue of Compliance in Syria and Iraq
Daniele Amoroso

Part III. Tackling the Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters at the Supranational Level

13. The Obligations under International Law of the Foreign Fighter’s State of Nationality or Habitual Residence, State of Transit and State of Destination
Sandra Krähenmann

14. The Role Played by the UN in Countering the Phenomenon of Foreign Terrorist Fighters
Andrea Guttry

15. States’ Prevention and Responses to the Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters against the Backdrop of International Human Rights Obligations
Alex Conte

16. The Regional Answers and Governance Structure for Dealing with Foreign Fighters: The Case of the EU
Gilles de Kerchove, Christiane Höhn

17. Collecting and Sharing Intelligence on Foreign Fighters in the EU and its Member States: Existing Tools, Limitations and Opportunities
Matteo E. Bonfanti

18. Towards Effective Regional Responses to the Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters: The OSCE Toolbox
Annalisa Creta

19. The African Union and the Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters in Africa
Linda Darkwa

Part IV. Tackling the Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters at the National Level

20. National Responses in Select Western European Countries to the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon
Christophe Paulussen, Eva Entenmann

21. How Western Non-EU States Are Responding to Foreign Fighters: A Glance at the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand’s Laws and Policies
Aaron Y. Zelin, Jonathan Prohov

22. MENA Countries’ Responses to the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon
Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Bridget Moreng

23. Foreign Fighters and the Deprivation of Nationality: National Practices and International Law Implications
Laura Waas

24. Caught in the Crossfire: The Impact of Foreign Fighters on Internally Displaced Persons, Asylum Seekers and Refugees from Syria and Iraq
Francesca Vietti, Mike Bisi

25. Concluding Remarks
Andrea Guttry, Francesca Capone, Christophe Paulussen

Keywords: Law, International Humanitarian Law, Law of Armed Conflict, International Criminal Law, European Law