Cardiorenal Syndrome

Section I. Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Interrelationships

1. Links between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Bidirectional Relationship
Adel E. Berbari

2. Cardiorenal versus Renocardiac Syndrome
Mohammad Sarraf, Amirali Masoumi, Robert W. Schrier

Section II. Crosstalk between the Cardiovascular System and the Kidney

3. Non-Pressure-Related Deleterious Effects of Excessive Dietary Sodium
Albert Mimran

4. Regulation of Vascular and Renal Cells by Common Mediators in Health and Disease: Role of the Renin—Angiotensin System in the Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Raquel Rodrigues-Díez, Sandra Rayego, Raul R. Rodrigues-Díez, Carolina Lavoz, Esther Civantos, Gisselle Carvajal, Sergio Mezzano, Alberto Ortiz, Jesus Egido

Section III. Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

5. Cardiorenal Continuum
Josè A. García-Donaire, Luis M. Ruilope

6. Definition and Classification of Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease
Tariq Shafi, Joseph Coresh

7. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease: Traditional, Nontraditional, and Uremia-related Threats
Juan J. Carrero, Peter Stenvinkel

8. Increased Levels of Urinary Albumin: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor and a Target for Treatment
Dick Zeeuw, Hiddo J. Lambers Heerspink

9. Microalbuminuria and Kidney Disease: An Evidence-based Perspective
Rigas G. Kalaitzidis, Pranav Dalal, George L. Bakris

10. Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Manjula Kurella Tamura, Tara I. Chang

11. Diabetes Mellitus: Is the Presence of Nephropathy Important as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor for Cardioneral Syndrome?
Hussein H. Karnib, Fuad N. Ziyadeh

Section IV. Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease

12. Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification
Srinivasan Beddhu

13. Cardiomyopathy in Chronic Kidney Disease and in End-stage Renal Disease
Frank A. Benedetto, Francesco Perticone, Carmine Zoccali

14. Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Prognostic Significance of Renal Functional Impairment in Cardiac Patients
Massimo Volpe, Marco Testa

15. Stroke
Mario F. Rubin, Raymond R. Townsend

Section V. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Complications

16. Uremic Toxins
Griet Glorieux, Eva Schepers, Raymond Vanholder

17. Endothelial Dysfunction, Nitric Oxide Bioavailability, and Asymmetric Dimethyl Arginine
Carmine Zoccali

18. Pathophysiologic Link between Atherosclerosis and Nephrosclerosis
Elena Kaschina, Thomas Unger

19. Aortic Stiffness, Kidney Disease, and Renal Transplantation
Sola A. Bahous, Michael Delahousse, Michel E. Safar

20. Disturbed Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism/Arterial Calcifications: Consequences on Cardiovascular Function and Clinical Outcome
Gérard M. London, Bruno Pannier, Sylvain J. Marchais

21. Role of Neurohormonal Activation in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease
Andrea Stella, Giovanna Castoldi

22. Impaired Autonomic Blood Pressure and Blood Volume Control in Chronic Renal Failure
Guido Grassi, Raffaella Dell’Oro, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Giuseppe Mancia

23. Role of Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: Urotensin II
Francesca Mallamaci, Daniela Leonardis, Maria Borrajo

24. Role of Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: Renalase
Gary V. Desir

Section VI. Regression/Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

25. Diabetic Kidney Disease
Josep Redon

26. Nondiabetic Kidney Disease
Paolo Cravedi, Piero Ruggenenti, Giuseppe Remuzzi

Section VII. Therapeutic Modalities

27. Approaches in the Management of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
Eberhard Ritz

28. Trends in the Management of Cardiac Patients with Renal Functional Impairment
Edward A. Ross, Amir Kazory

Keywords: Medicine & Public Health, Cardiology, Nephrology