Neonatology

Section I. Epidemiology and Fetal Neonatal Medicine

1. Epidemiology: Mortality and Morbidity
Marcello Orzalesi, Carlo Corchia

2. The Development from Fetus to Newborn
Domenico Arduini, Marianne Vendola

3. General Characteristics of Preterm and Term Newborn
Stefano Parmigiani, Daniela Gianotti, Giulio Bevilacqua

4. Risk Factors for Gestational Diseases
Maria Bonis, Michela Torricelli, Felice Petraglia

5. Epigenetic Mechanisms
Felicia M. Low, Emilia Tng, Peter D. Gluckman

6. Congenital Malformations and Syndromes: Early Diagnosis and Prognosis
Giovanni Corsello, Mario Giuffrè

7. Prenatal and Postnatal Inflammatory Mechanisms
Christian P. Speer

8. The Fetus at Risk: Chorioamnionitis
Mikko Hallman, Tuula Kaukola

9. Diagnosis of Fetal Distress
Felice Petraglia, Carlotta Boni, Filiberto M. Severi, Jane Norman

10. Multiple Pregnancies
Maria Angela Rustico, Mariano Lanna, Enrico Ferrazzi

11. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Obstetric Aspects
Anna Maria Marconi, Frederick C. Battaglia

12. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Neonatal Aspects
Enrico Bertino, Luciana Occhi, Claudio Fabris

13. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Intervention Strategies
Victor K. M. Han, Maxim D. Seferovic, Caroline D. Albion, Madhulika B. Gupta

14. Late Preterm Infants at Risk for Short-Term and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality
Avroy A. Fanaroff

15. Ethical Problems
Otwin Linderkamp

16. Basic Approach to the Care of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: an Outline
Costantino Romagnoli, Fabio Mosca

17. The Process of Decision-Making
Endla K. Anday, Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos

18. Follow-up Outcomes of High Risk Infants
Maureen Hack, Deanne Wilson-Costello

19. Early Markers of Poor Outcome
Fabrizio Ferrari, Licia Lugli, Isotta Guidotti, Marisa Pugliese

20. Quality of Neonatal Intensive Care and Outcome for High Risk Newborn Infants
Liz McKechnie, Kathryn Johnson, Malcolm Levene

21. Cerebral Plasticity and Functional Reorganization in Children with Congenital Brain Lesions
Giovanni Cioni, Andrea Guzzetta, Giulia D’Acunto

Section II. Perinatal and Neonatal Care

22. Organization of Perinatal Care
Neil Marlow

23. Training of Doctors and Nurses in Perinatology
Franco Macagno, Alfred Tenore

24. Neonatal Transport Services
Rocco Agostino, Roberto Aufieri

25. Problems of Discharge and Home Care of Newborns
Fabio Mosca, Monica Fumagalli

26. Risk Management
Isabelle Ligi, Sophie Tardieu, Véronique Millet, Umberto Simeoni

27. Guidelines and Protocols
Rinaldo Zanini

28. Physical Environment: the Thermal Environment
Gunnar Sedin

29. Information and Psychosocial Intervention in Neonatology
Massimo Agosti

30. Neonatology and the Law
Vittorio Fineschi, Emanuela Turillazzi

31. Environment and Early Developmental Care
Dominique Haumont

32. Neonatal Pain: Neurophysiology, Recognition and Prevention
Carlo Bellieni

33. Procedural Pain Management with Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Celeste Johnston, Ananda M. Fernandes, Marsha Campbell-Yeo

34. Neonatal Anesthesia
Nicola Disma, Maria L. Massone, Leila Mameli, Giovanni Montobbio, Pietro Tuo

35. Neonatal Care in the Delivery Room: Initial Management
Tara M. Randis

36. Approach to Low Risk Newborns
Jennifer M. Duchon

37. Early Detection of Neonatal Depression and Asphyxia
Paolo Biban, Davide Silvagni

38. Resuscitation of the Newborn
Ola D. Saugstad

39. Oxygen Toxicity
Giuseppe Buonocore, Rodolfo Bracci, Serafina Perrone, Maximo Vento

40. Physical Examination of the Newborn
Claudio Fabris, Alessandra Coscia

41. Primary Investigations in the Term and Preterm Newborn
Ignazio Barberi, Eloisa Gitto, Diego Gazzolo

Section III. Nutrition

42. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Arieh Riskin, Carlo Agostoni, Raanan Shamir

43. Hormones and Gastrointestinal Function
Flavia Prodam, Simonetta Bellone, Silvia Savastio, Arianna Busti, Carla Guidi, Alice Monzani, Gianni Bona

44. Feeding the Term Infant: Human Milk and Formulas
Silvia Fanaro, Vittorio Vigi

45. Nutritional Recommendations for the Very Low Birth Weight Newborn
Ekhard E. Ziegler

46. Enteral Feeding of the Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Johannes B. Goudoever

47. Parenteral Nutrition
Jacques Rigo, Thibault Senterre

48. Post-Discharge Nutrition in Preterm Infants
Richard J. Cooke

49. Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis: Pathophysiology
Jacques Rigo, Catherine Pieltain, Renaud Viellevoye, Franco Bagnoli

50. Micronutrients and Vitamins
Olivier Claris, Guy Putet

Section IV. Pharmacology and Infants of Smoking, Addicted and Diabetic Mother

51. Safety of Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Nada Djokanovic, Gideon Koren

52. Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Erika Crane, Victoria Tutag Lehr, Merene Mathew, Jacob V. Aranda

53. Infants of Drug-Addicted Mothers
Eunji Kim, Gideon Koren

54. Infants of Smoking Mothers
Roberto Paludetto, Francesco Raimondi

55. Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Jane E. Barthell, Michael K. Georgieff

Section V. Respiratory System

56. Lung Development and Pulmonary Malformations
Corrado Moretti, Paola Papoff

57. Neonatal Pulmonary Physiology of Term and Preterm Newborns
Corrado Moretti, Paola Papoff

58. Control of Breathing in Newborns
Ruben Alvaro, Henrique Rigatto

59. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Simone Pratesi, Carlo Dani

60. Molecular Structure of Surfactant: Biochemical Aspects
Tore Curstedt

61. Surfactant Metabolism in Neonatal Lung Diseases
Virgilio P. Carnielli, Paola E. Cogo

62. Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Predisposing Factors, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Mikko Hallman, Timo Saarela

63. Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Transient Tachypnea and Neonatal Pneumonia
Richard J. Martin, Amitai Kohn

64. Pulmonary Air Leakage
Paola Papoff, Corrado Moretti

65. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease
Vineet Bhandari

66. Rare Lung Diseases
Paolo Tagliabue, Clotilde Farina

67. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Steven H. Abman

68. Treatment of Respiratory Failure: Mechanical Ventilation
Colin J. Morley

69. Continuous Positive Airways Pressure and other Non-Invasive Ventilation Techniques
Fabrizio Sandri, Gina Ancora

70. Lung Diseases: Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Henry L. Halliday

71. Nitric Oxide Therapy in Neonatology
John P. Kinsella

72. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Neonates
Anne Greenough, Munir Agha, Adam P. R. Smith

73. Lung Diseases: Problems of Steroid Treatment of Fetus and Newborn
Henry L. Halliday

74. Apnea of Prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Christian F. Poets

Section VI. Cardiovascular System

75. Cardiovascular Physiology, Pathology, and Clinical Investigation
Luciane Piazza, Angelo Micheletti, Diana Negura, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Antonio Saracino, Mario Carminati

76. Early Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: When and How to Treat
Luciane Piazza, Angelo Micheletti, Diana Negura, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Antonio Saracino, Mario Carminati

77. Arrhythmias and Heart Muscle Diseases
Fabio Mosca, Federico Schena, Anna Maria Colli

78. Blood Pressure Disorders in the Neonate: Hypotension and Hypertension
Jonathan M. Fanaroff, Avroy A. Fanaroff

79. Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity
Otwin Linderkamp

80. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Bart Overmeire

Section VII. Hyperbilirubinemia and Liver Diseases

81. Bilirubin Metabolism, Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Physiological Neonatal Jaundice
Giovanna Bertini, Carlo Dani

82. Pathologic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Isoimmunization, Abnormalities of Red Cells and Infections
Michael Kaplan, Ronald J. Wong, David K. Stevenson

83. Kernicterus, Bilirubin Induced Neurological Dysfunction and New Treatments for Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Deirdre E. Imhoff, Frans J. C. Cuperus, Peter H. Dijk, Claudio Tiribelli, Christian V. Hulzebos

84. Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia
M. Jeffrey Maisels, Jon F. Watchko

85. Pathology and Treatment of Liver Diseases
Giuseppe Maggiore, Silvia Riva

86. Neonatal Cholestasis-Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Chad M. Best, Glenn R. Gourley, Vinod K. Bhutani

87. Surgical Treatment of Biliary Tract Malformations
George Ekema, Pierluigi Pedersini

Section VIII. Orofacial and Gastrointestinal Malformations and Diseases

88. Orofacial Malformations
Roberto Brusati, Giacomo Colletti

89. Esophageal Atresia
Alfredo Garzi, Mario Messina

90. Gastrointestinal Malformations
Remigio Dòmini, Marcello Dòmini

91. Rare Surgical Emergencies
Mario Messina, Francesco Molinaro, Alfredo Garzi

92. Meconium Plug Syndrome
Mario Messina, Francesco Molinaro

93. Hirschsprung’s Disease
Vincenzo Jasonni, Alessio Prato

94. Gastroenteritis and Intractable Diarrhea
Assunta Braito

95. Rehydration after Diarrhea
Carlo Bellieni

96. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Elvira Parravicini, Federica Fromm

97. Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Nigel J. Hall, Agostino Pierro

Section IX. Hematology, Immunology and Malignancies

98. Hematology and Immunology: Overview
Robert D. Christensen

99. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors in the Newborn
Rodney P. A. Rivers

100. Coagulation Disorders: Risk of Thrombosis in the Newborn
Angelo C. Molinari, Paola Saracco

101. Coagulation Disorders: Inflammation and Thrombosis
Jennifer L. Armstrong-Wells, Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson

102. Coagulation Disorders: Clinical Aspects of Platelet Disorders
Antonio Vecchio

103. Anemia in the Neonatal Period
Robert D. Christensen, Robin K. Ohls

104. Fetal and Neonatal Hydrops
Gennaro Vetrano, Mario Curtis

105. Physiology and Abnormalities of Leukocytes
Kurt R. Schibler

106. Neonatal Hereditary Neutropenia
Gaetano Chirico, Carmelita D’Ippolito

107. Therapy with Recombinant Leukocyte Growth Factors
Robert D. Christensen

108. Fundamentals of Feto-Neonatal Immunology and Its Clinical Relevance
Akhil Maheshwari, Edmund F. Gamma

109. Congenital Immunodeficiencies
Alessandro Plebani, Gaetano Chirico

110. Inflammatory Mediators in Neonatal Asphyxia and Infection
Marietta Xanthou, Victoria Niklas

111. Neonatal Malignancies
Franca Fossati-Bellani

Section X. Fetal and Neonatal Infections

112. Fetal Infections: Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex, and Varicella
Stuart P. Adler, Giovanni Nigro

113. Fetal infections: Rubella, HIV, HCV, HBV, and Human Parvovirus B19
Pier-Angelo Tovo, Stefania Bezzio, Clara Gabiano

114. Fetal Infections: Congenital Syphilis, and Tuberculosis
Pier-Angelo Tovo, Carlo Scolfaro, Federica Mignone, Silvia Garazzino

115. Toxoplasmosis in the Fetus and Newborn
Wilma Buffolano

116. Neonatal Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Mauro Stronati, Alessandro Borghesi

117. Neonatal Septic Shock
Rajesh K. Aneja, Ruby V. Aneja, Robert Cicco, Joseph A. Carcillo

118. Neonatal Viral Infections: Enteroviruses, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Paolo Manzoni, Elisa Antonielli d’Oulx, Pier-Angelo Tovo

119. Vaccinations and Neonatal Immunity
Alberto G. Ugazio, Alberto E. Tozzi

Section XI. Endocrine, Metabolic and Renal Diseases

120. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Giancarlo Parenti, Generoso Andria

121. Endocrine Diseases of Newborn
Paolo Ghirri, Antonio Balsamo, Massimiliano Ciantelli, Antonio Boldrini, Alessandro Cicognani

122. Disorders of Thyroid Function
Paolo Cavarzere, Luciano Tatò

123. Disorders of Sexual Development
Antonio Balsamo, Alessandro Cicognani, Paolo Ghirri, Rosa T. Scaramuzzo, Franco D’Alberton, Silvano Bertelloni, Antonio Boldrini

124. Pathophysiology of Fetal and Neonatal Kidneys
Farid Boubred, Isabelle Grandvuillemin, Umberto Simeoni

125. Acute and Chronic Renal Failure in the Newborn Infant
Jean-Pierre Guignard, Uma S. Ali

126. Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal and Urinary Tract Malformations
Vassilios Fanos, Marco Zaffanello, Michele Mussap

Section XII. Neurology

127. Brain Development and Perinatal Vulnerability to Cerebral Damage
Luca A. Ramenghi, Monica Fumagalli, Veena Supramaniam

128. Inflammation and Perinatal Brain Injury
Henrik Hagberg, Carina Mallard, Karin Sävman

129. Normal and Abnormal Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Betty R. Vohr, Bonnie E. Stephens

130. Neurological Examination of the Newborn Infant
Fabrizio Ferrari, Licia Lugli, Luca Ori, Claudio Gallo, Natascia Bertoncelli

131. Neonatal Electroencephalography
Lena K. Hellström-Westas

132. Neuroimaging Studies
Luca A. Ramenghi, Petra S. Hüppi

133. Malformations of Cortical Development: Genetic Aspects
Renzo Guerrini, Elena Parrini

134. Congenital Malformations of the Brain: Prenatal Diagnosis, Spectrum and Causes
Elie Saliba, Christian Paillet

135. Biochemical Basis of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos, Endla Anday

136. Clinical Aspects and Treatment of the Hypoxic-Ischemic Syndrome
Floris Groenendaal, Frank Bel

137. Neuroprotective Strategies
Angela M. Kaindl, Géraldine Favrais, Pierre Gressens

138. Cerebral Hemorrhage
Linda S. Vries

139. Neonatal Arterial Stroke
Daniela Ricci, Eugenio Mercuri

140. Neonatal Seizures
Malcolm Levene

141. The Timing of Neonatal Brain Damage
Giuseppe Buonocore, Serafina Perrone

142. Thrombosis in the Development of Newborn Brain Damage
Paul Govaert

143. Epidemiology of Adverse Cerebral Outcome
Neil Marlow

144. Neuromuscular Disorders
Paolo Balestri, Salvatore Grosso

Section XIII. Ophthalmology, Orthopedics and Skin Diseases

145. Ocular Malformations
Elena Piozzi, Alessandra Longo

146. Retinopathy of Prematurity
José Carlos Rivera, Elsa Duchemin-Kermorvant, Allison Dorfman, Luis M. Ospina, Sylvain Chemtob

147. Neonatal Orthopedic Surgery
Peter D. Pizzutillo, Martin J. Herman

148. Neonatal Skin Disorders
Michele Fimiani, Roberta Bilenchi, Filomena Mandato, Stefania Mei, Niccolò Nami, Rosa Maria Strangi

Keywords: Medicine & Public Health, Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Perinatology, Maternal and Child Health, Intensive / Critical Care Medicine, Nursing