Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

1. Introduction: On the Role of Treaties in the Development of International Law
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

2. Preamble
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

3. Article 1. Scope of the present Convention
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

4. Article 2. Use of terms
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

5. Article 3. International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

6. Article 4. Non-retroactivity of the present Convention
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

7. Article 5. Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

8. Article 6. Capacity of States to conclude treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

9. Article 7. Full powers
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

10. Article 8. Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

11. Article 9. Adoption of the text
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

12. Article 10. Authentication of the text
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

13. Article 11. Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

14. Article 12. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

15. Article 13. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

16. Article 14. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

17. Article 15. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

18. Article 16. Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

19. Article 17. Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

20. Article 18. Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

21. Article 19. Formulation of reservations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

22. Article 20. Acceptance of and objection to reservations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

23. Article 21. Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

24. Article 22. Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

25. Article 23. Procedure regarding reservations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

26. Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

27. Article 24. Entry into force
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

28. Article 25. Provisional application
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

29. Article 26. Pacta sunt servanda

Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

30. Article 27. Internal law and observance of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

31. Article 28. Non-retroactivity of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

32. Article 29. Territorial scope of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

33. Article 30. Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject matter
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

34. Article 31. General rule of interpretation
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

35. Article 32. Supplementary means of interpretation
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

36. Article 33. Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

37. Article 34. General rule regarding third States
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

38. Article 35. Treaties providing for obligations for third States
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

39. Article 36. Treaties providing for rights for third States
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

40. Article 37. Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

41. Article 38. Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

42. Article 39. General rule regarding the amendment of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

43. Article 40. Amendment of multilateral treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

44. Article 41. Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

45. Article 42. Validity and continuance in force of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

46. Article 43. Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

47. Article 44. Separability of treaty provisions
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

48. Article 45. Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

49. Article 46. Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

50. Article 47. Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

51. Article 48. Error
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

52. Article 49. Fraud
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

53. Article 50. Corruption of a representative of a State
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

54. Article 51. Coercion of a representative of a State
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

55. Article 52. Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

56. Article 53. Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (“jus cogens”)
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

57. Article 54. Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

58. Article 55. Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for Its entry into force
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

59. Article 56. Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

60. Article 57. Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

61. Article 58. Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

62. Article 59. Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

63. Article 60. Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

64. Article 61. Supervening impossibility of performance
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

65. Article 62. Fundamental change of circumstances
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

66. Article 63. Severance of diplomatic or consular relations
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

67. Article 64. Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (“jus cogens”)
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

68. Article 65. Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

69. Article 66. Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

70. Annex to Article 66
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

71. Article 67. Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

72. Article 68. Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles 65 and 67
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

73. Article 69. Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

74. Article 70. Consequences of the termination of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

75. Article 71. Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

76. Article 72. Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

77. Article 73. Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

78. Article 74. Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

79. Article 75. Case of an aggressor State
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

80. Article 76. Depositaries of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

81. Article 77. Functions of depositaries
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

82. Article 78. Notifications and communications
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

83. Article 79. Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

84. Article 80. Registration and publication of treaties
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

85. Article 81. Signature
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

86. Article 82. Ratification
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

87. Article 83. Accession
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

88. Article 84. Entry into force
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

89. Article 85. Authentic texts
Oliver Dörr, Kirsten Schmalenbach

Keywords: Law, Sources and Subjects of International Law, International Organizations, Fundamentals of Law