Exposure to Microbiological Agents in Indoor and Occupational Environments

Part I. Indoor Exposure to Microorganisms with Emphasis on Occupational Environments

1. Occupational Fungal Exposure inthe United States
Brett J. Green

2. Bacteria in Indoor and Occupational Settings
Mark A. Barnes

3. Characterization of Viral Exposures in United States Occupational Environments
Tara L. Croston

Part II. Sampling and Analysis Approaches in Indoor Microbial Assessments

4. Sampling for Microbial Determinations
Tiina Reponen

5. Analyses Approaches for Bacteria
Edna Ribeiro, Isabel Faria

6. Analysis Approaches for Fungi in Indoor Environmental Assessments
Jacob Mensah-Attipoe, Martin Täubel

7. Viruses Present Indoors and Analyses Approaches
Edna Ribeiro, Céu Leitão, Elisabete Cristovam, Ana Dias

Part III. Microbial Cell Wall Components, Secondary Metabolites and Health Implications upon Exposure

8. Endotoxins, Glucans and Other Microbial Cell Wall Agents
Ioannis Basinas, Grethe Elholm, Inge M. Wouters

9. Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins for the Detection of Nutritional, Environmental and Occupational Exposure
Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf

10. Microbial Secondary Metabolites and Knowledge on Inhalation Effects
Kati Huttunen, Merja Korkalainen

Part IV. Microbial Exposures and Health Effects in Specific Indoor Settings

11. Indoor Microbial Aerosol and Its Health Effects: Microbial Exposure in Public Buildings – Viruses, Bacteria, and Fungi
Elena Piecková

12. Microbial Exposures in Schools and Daycare Centers
Martin Täubel, Hanna K. Leppänen

13. Microbial Exposures in Residential Homes
Lidia Casas

14. Environmental Fungal Risk in Health Facilities
Jean-Pierre Gangneux

15. Bacterial Bioburden in Hospital Environment
Ana Monteiro, Sandra Cabo Verde

16. Virus Bioburden in Hospital Environment
Edna Ribeiro

Part V. Occupational Settings with Potential High Microbial Exposure

17. Bioburden Exposure in Highly Contaminated Occupational Environments
Carla Viegas, Lenka Smajdova, Tiago Faria, Anita Quintal Gomes, Susana Viegas

18. What Is Known About Zoonotic Bacteria in Cattle and Pig Farms, and What Should Be Done to Prevent Occupational Infections
Julia G. Kraemer, Anne Oppliger

Part VI. Antimicrobial Resistances in Specific Environments

19. Antifungal Resistances
Raquel Sabino

20. Bacterial Resistances
Vera Manageiro, Vanessa Salgueiro, Eugénia Ferreira, Manuela Caniça

Keywords: Life Sciences, Microbiology, Virology, Public Health, Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine