Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine

1. Transfer RNA Modifications: From Biological Functions to Biomedical Applications
Adrian Gabriel Torres, Lluís Ribas Pouplana

2. Regulated tRNA Cleavage in Biology and Medicine: Roles of tRNA Modifications
Shawn M. Lyons, Marta M. Fay, Pavel Ivanov

3. Sulfur Modifications in tRNA: Function and Implications for Human Disease
Naoki Shigi

4. Regulation of Protein Synthesis via the Network Between Modified Nucleotides in tRNA and tRNA Modification Enzymes in Thermus thermophilus, a Thermophilic Eubacterium
Hiroyuki Hori, Ryota Yamagami, Chie Tomikawa

5. Post-Transcriptional Modifications of RNA: Impact on RNA Function and Human Health
Kyla M. Frohlich, Kathryn L. Sarachan, Gabrielle C. Todd, Maria Basanta-Sanchez, Ville Y. P. Väre, Paul F. Agris

6. RNA Modification N
6-Methyladenosine in Post-transcriptional Regulation
Guifang Jia

7. 8-Hydroxyguanine, an Oxidative DNA and RNA Modification
Hiroshi Kasai, Kazuaki Kawai

8. Methods for Determination of 2′-O-Me in RNA
Ulf Birkedal, Nicolai Krogh, Kasper Langebjerg Andersen, Henrik Nielsen

9. Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in Health and Disease
Suliman Boulos, Ehud Razin, Hovav Nechushtan, Inbal Rachmin

10. Thinking Small: Circulating microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring in Breast Cancer
Yin-Long Yang

11. Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides and Their Analogs in Therapy of Neuromuscular Diseases
Patryk Konieczny, Ewa Stepniak-Konieczna, Krzysztof Sobczak

12. Effect of Depurination on Cellular and Viral RNA
Kass A. Jobst, Alexander Klenov, Kira C. M. Neller, Katalin A. Hudak

13. Recognition of RNA Sequence and Structure by Duplex and Triplex Formation: Targeting miRNA and Pre-miRNA
Kiran M. Patil, Gang Chen

14. Modifications in Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Improving the Delivery
Ilya Dovydenko, Alya Venyaminova, Dmitrii Pyshnyi, Ivan Tarassov, Nina Entelis

15. Interstrand Cross-Linking of Nucleic Acids: From History to Recent and Future Applications
Ellen Gyssels, Nathalie Laet, Emily Lumley, Annemieke Madder

16. Chemical Synthesis of Lesion-Containing Oligonucleotides for DNA Repair Studies
Rémy Lartia

17. Single-Molecule Visualization of Biomolecules in the Designed DNA Origami Nanostructures Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Masayuki Endo

18. Polymerase Reactions that Involve Modified Nucleotides
Masayasu Kuwahara, Kenta Hagiwara, Hiroaki Ozaki

Keywords: Biomedicine, Human Genetics, Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology