L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition

Part I. Basic Processes at the Cellular Levels

1.
l-Arginine Uptake by Cells
Geoffrey P. Candy, Marietha J. Nel

2.
l-Arginine and the Expression of HSP70 and p53 Proteins
Agnieszka Pedrycz, Victor R. Preedy

3. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and l-Arginine
Srinidi Mohan

4. Amidine-Based Compounds Affecting l-Arginine Metabolism
Cristina Maccallini, Marialuigia Fantacuzzi, Rosa Amoroso

5. Oxy- and Sulfoanalogues of l-Arginine
Tatyana Dzimbova, Tamara Pajpanova

6. Regulation of Expression and Activity of l-Arginine Transporters by Nutrients and Hormones: A Focus in Transcriptional Mechanisms Regulated by Glucose and Insulin
Marcelo González

7.
l-Arginine, Pancreatic Beta Cell Function, and Diabetes: Mechanisms of Stimulated Insulin Release and Pathways of Metabolism
Philip Newsholme, Kevin N. Keane, Mina Elahy, Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat

8. Erythrocytes By-Products of l-Arginine Catabolism
Martha Lucinda Contreras-Zentella, Rolando Hernández-Muñoz

Part II.
l-Arginine Metabolism and Functions

9.
l-Arginine Synthesis from Enteral Proline
Christopher Tomlinson, Ronald O. Ball, Paul B. Pencharz

10.
l-Arginine and Macrophages: Role in Classical and Alternative Activation
Jorge Lloberas, Manuel Modolell, Antonio Celada

11.
l-Arginine and TNFα Production in Macrophages: A Focus on Metabolism, Aging, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes
Charlotte Breuillard, Christophe Moinard, Marie-Chantal Farges

12.
l-Arginine Metabolism Impairment in Sepsis and Diseases: Causes and Consequences
Christophe Moinard, Charlotte Breuillard, Christine Charrueau

13. Use of l-Arginine with Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the Endocrine Response
Giulia Brigante, Vincenzo Rochira

14. Serum l-Arginase in Healthy Subjects and Nitric Oxide
Keiki Ogino, Kei Takemoto

Part III.
l-Arginine Status in Cells Related to Organ Damage and Disease

15. Protein l-Arginine Methylation of RNA-Binding Proteins and Their Impact on Human Diseases
Michael C. Yu, Christopher A. Jackson

16. DNA–l-Arginine Adducts and Implications in Disease
Haseeb Ahsan

17. Homoarginine and l-Arginine/Glycine Amidinotransferase in Stroke
Chi-un Choe, Edzard Schwedhelm, Dorothee Atzler

18. The l-Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Ratio in Health and Disease: An Overview
Murat Celik, Hilmi Umut Unal

19.
l-Arginine and Its Transporters in Colorectal Cancer
Bingguan Chen, Weimin Wang, Kang Ding, Junchen Wang, Peng Gao, Guowang Xu, Hai Hu

20.
l-Arginine Uptake and Its Role in the Survival of Breast Cancer Cells
Catherine K. L. Too, Salma A. Abdelmagid

Part IV.
l-Arginine Status and Use in Healthy Individuals

21.
l-Arginine Production During Pregnancy
Farook Jahoor, Jean W. Hsu, Pratibha Dwarkanath, Minerva M. Thame, Anura V. Kurpad

22.
l-Arginine in the Uterus and Placenta and During Gestation in Mammals
Jonathan M. Greene, Peter L. Ryan

23. Oral l-Arginine Supplementation in Young Males: Endocrinology, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses at Rest and During Exercise
Scott C. Forbes

24. Metabolic Precursors of l-Arginine Supplementation in Sports: A Focus on l-Citrulline and l-Ornithine
Antoni Pons, Raúl Bescós, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Tur

Part V.
l-Arginine and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

25.
l-Arginine and Its Use in Ameliorating Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Undernourished Children
Reinaldo Barreto Oriá, Orleâncio Gomes Ripardo Azevedo, Theídes Batista Carneiro, Aldo Ângelo Lima, Richard L. Guerrant

26.
l-Arginine and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
Wenkai Ren, Gang Liu, Shuai Chen, Yulong Yin

27. Dietary l-Arginine and Intestinal Recovery
Igor Sukhotnik

28. Enteral and Parenteral l-Arginine Supplementation in Intestinal Ischaemia and Reperfusion Injury
Chun-Hong Lai, Hui-Chen Lo

29. Mucosal Protection by l-Arginine in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Koji Takeuchi

30. Enteral l-Arginine and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Sophia Zachaki, Stavroula Gavrili, Elena Polycarpou, Vasiliki I. Hatzi

Part VI. Therapeutic Uses of l-Arginine: Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

31.
l-Arginine Usage in Type I Diabetes: From the Autoimmune Event to Human Dietary Supplementation
Mauricio Krause, Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh, Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira

32. Oral l-Arginine Supplementation and Glucose Metabolism and Vascular Function
Lucilla D. Monti, Elena Galluccio, Barbara Fontana, Emanuele Bosi, Piermarco Piatti

33.
l-Arginine-Enriched Apples and Diabetic Control
Andrea Escudero, Jorge Moreno, Jesenia Acurio, Carlos Escudero

34. Beneficial Impact of Cod Protein, l-Arginine, and Other Amino Acids on Insulin Sensitivity
Véronique Ouellet, S. John Weisnagel, Denis R. Joanisse, Charles Lavigne, Junio Dort, André Marette, Hélène Jacques

35. Obese Subjects and Supplemental l-Arginine
Pawel Bogdanski, Joanna Suliburska, Matylda Kręgielska-Narożna, Anna Jablecka, Jarosław Walkowiak

36. Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy and Usage of l-Arginine
Kenichiro Arakawa, Masamichi Ikawa, Hiroshi Tada, Hidehiko Okazawa, Makoto Yoneda

37.
l-Arginine Measurement and Concentrations in Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Disease
Geoffrey P. Candy, Cameron Naidoo

38.
l-Arginine and Cardiovascular Disease
Norbert J. Tripolt, Harald Sourij

39.
l-Arginine Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease
Claudia R. Morris

Part VII. Therapeutic Uses of l-Arginine: Cancer, Wound Healing and Infectious Disease

40. Role of l-Arginine in Surgical Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Daniel Luis, Rocio Aller, Pablo Casas-Rodera

41.
l-Arginine-Incorporated Albumin Mesospheres: A Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy
Hung-Yen Lee, Kamal A. Mohammed, Najmunnisa Nasreen

42. Use of l-Arginine and Glycine Supplementation to Reduce Radiotherapy Damage
Cristina Fajardo Diestel, Nara Limeira Horst, Alessandra Rocha Pinheiro Mulder, Ruy Garcia Marques

43.
l-Arginine in Cancer Therapy
Lynn G. Feun, Medhi Wangpaichitr, Chunjing Wu, Ying-Ying Li, Min You, Macus Tien Kuo, Niramol Savaraj

44. Mechanisms of l-Arginine-Auxotrophic Response and Their Cancer Therapeutic Implications
Wen-Bin Tsai, Yan Long, Niramol Savaraj, Lynn G. Feun, Macus Tien Kuo

45. The Role of l-Arginine in Wound Healing
Alan N. Gould, Geoffrey P. Candy

46.
l-Arginine and Bacterial Translocation: Implications for Health
Mirelle Lomar Viana, Simone Vasconcelos Generoso, Rosana das Graças Carvalho Santos, Valbert Nascimento Cardoso, Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia

47.
l-Arginine in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Anna P. Ralph

48.
l-Arginine in Health and Disease: Recommended Resources and Further Reading
Rajkumar Rajendram, Vinood B. Patel, Victor R. Preedy

Keywords: Medicine & Public Health, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition