Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury

1. Prevention

1. Preconceptual Risk Factors
James A. O’Leary

2. Antepartum Risk Factors
James A. O’Leary

3. Role of Ultrasound in Shoulder Dystocia
James A. O’Leary

4. Intrapartum Risk Factors
James A. O’Leary

5. Pelvimetry
James A. O’Leary

2. Treatment

6. Recognition of Disproportion
James A. O’Leary

7. Delivery Techniques
James A. O’Leary

8. The McRoberts Maneuver
James A. O’Leary

9. Cephalic Replacement: The Gunn-Zavanelli-O’Leary Maneuver
James A. O’Leary

10. Infant Injury
James A. O’Leary

3. Clinical Considerations

11.
In Utero Causation of Brachial Plexus Injury: Myth or Mystery?
James A. O’Leary

12. Recurrent Shoulder Dystocia
James A. O’Leary

13. Predisposing Factors for Shoulder Dystocia-Related Birth Injuries: Causation Analysis
Leslie Iffy, Joseph J. Apuzzio, Vijaya Raju

14. Recognition, Classification, and Management of Shoulder Dystocia: The Relationship to Causation of Brachial Plexus Injury
Michael S. Kreitzer

15. Minimizing the Risks of Shoulder Dystocia-Related Fetal Injuries
Leslie Iffy

16. The Maternal Fetal Medicine Viewpoint: Causation and Litigation
Barry S. Schifrin, Wayne R. Cohen

17. Brachial Plexus Injury at Cesarean Section
Michael S. Kreitzer, James A. O’Leary

18. Delivery of the Nondiabetic Macrosomic Infant
Lisa Gittens-Williams

19. The Midwifery View of Shoulder Dystocia
Judith S. Mercer, Debra A. Erickson-Owens

20. Recent Research: Relevant and Reliable
James A. O’Leary

21. Observations on the Etiology of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy Based on Radiographic, Intraoperative, and Histologic Findings
Stephen M. Russell, Israel Alfonso, John A.I. Grossman

Keywords: Medicine & Public Health, General Practice / Family Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, Gynecology, Obstetrics/Perinatology