Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

1. Accretion and Erosion Waves on Beaches
Douglas L. Inman, Scott A. Jenkins

2. Africa, Coastal Ecology
Anton McLachlan

3. Africa, Coastal Geomorphology
Antony R. Orme

4. Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping and Light Detection and Ranging
Stephen P. Leatherman, Dean Whitman, Keqi Zhang

5. Algal Rims
Jacques Laborel

6. Alluvial-Plain Coasts
Daniel F. Belknap

7. Altimeter Surveys, Coastal Tides, and Shelf Circulation
Guoqi Han

8. Antarctica, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Andrew McMinn

9. Aquaculture
Robert R. Stickney

10. Archaeological Site Location, Effect of Sea-Level Change
Melanie J. Stright

11. Archaeology
Lucille Lewis Johnson

12. Arctic, Coastal Ecology
Jean-François Hamel, Annie Mercier

13. Arctic, Coastal Geomorphology
H. Jesse Walker

14. Artificial Islands
Marcel J.F. Stive

15. Asia, Eastern, Coastal Ecology
Donald Macintosh

16. Asia, Eastern, Coastal Geomorphology
D. Eisma

17. Asia, Middle East, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Paul Sanlaville, Abel Prieur

18. Asteroid-Impact Coasts
Rhodes W. Fairbridge

19. Atlantic Ocean Islands, Coastal Ecology
Annie Mercier, Jean-François Hamel

20. Atlantic Ocean Islands, Coastal Geomorphology
J.D. Hansom

21. Atolls
David Hopley

22. Australia, Coastal Ecology
Karen S. Edyvane

23. Australia, Coastal Geomorphology
Eric Bird

24. Barrier Islands
Miles O. Hayes

25. Barrier
Eric Bird

26. Bars
Brian Greenwood

27. Bay Beaches
Karl F. Nordstrom

28. Beach and Nearshore Instrumentation
Robin Davidson-Arnott

29. Beach Drain
Per Bruun

30. Beach Erosion
Edward J. Anthony

31. Beach Features
Michael J. Chrzastowski

32. Beach Nourishment
Charles W. Finkl, H. Jesse Walker

33. Beach Processes
John R. Dingler

34. Beach Profile
Nicholas C. Kraus

35. Beach Ridges
Ervin G. Otvos

36. Beach Sediment Characteristics
Alan S. Trenhaile

37. Beach Stratigraphy
Yoshiki Saito

38. Beach Use and Behaviors
Niels West

39. Beachrock
Robert J. Turner

40. Beaufort Wind Scale
Dilip K. Barua

41. Bioconstruction
William T. Fox

42. Bioengineered Shore Protection
Kevin R. Hall

43. Bioerosion
William T. Fox

44. Biogeomorphology
Martin J. Baptist

45. Bioherms and Biostromes
Jacques Laborel

46. Black and Caspian Seas, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Yuri Dolotov, Pavel Kaplin

47. Bogs
Martyn Waller

48. Boulder Barricades
Peter S. Rosen

49. Boulder Beaches
John McKenna

50. Boulder Pavements
J.D. Hansom

51. Bypassing at Littoral Drift Barriers
Per Bruun

52. Capping of Contaminated Coastal Areas
Ram K. Mohan

53. Carbonate Sandy Beaches
Andrew D. Short

54. Caribbean Islands, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Gillian Cambers

55. Carrying Capacity in Coastal Areas
M. MacLeod, J.A.G. Cooper

56. Cays
David Hopley

57. Chalk Coasts
Vincent May

58. Changing Sea Levels
Nils-Axel Mörner

59. Cheniers
Ervin G. Otvos

60. Cleaning Beaches
Niels West

61. Cliffed Coasts
Alan S. Trenhaile

62. Cliffs, Erosion Rates
Tsuguo Sunamura

63. Cliffs, Lithology Versus Erosion Rates
Tsuguo Sunamura

64. Climate Patterns in The Coastal Zone
Douglas L. Inman, Scott A. Jenkins

65. Coastal Boundaries
Peter H.F. Graber

66. Coastal Changes, Gradual
B.G. Thom, P.J. Cowell

67. Coastal Changes, Rapid
David B. Scott

68. Coastal Climate
David Greenland

69. Coastal Currents
Guy Gelfenbaum

70. Coastal Hoodoos
Shin Wang

71. Coastal Lakes and Lagoons
George F. Oerte

72. Coastal Modeling and Simulation
V. Chris Lakhan

73. Coastal Sedimentary Facies
H. Edward Clifton

74. Coastal Soils
Charles W. Finkl

75. Coastal Subsidence
Zhongyuan Chen, John Rybczyk

76. Coastal Temperature Trends
George A. Maul

77. Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling
Dilip K. Barua

78. Coastal Warfare
Peter L. Guth

79. Coastal Wells
Yaacov Nir

80. Coastal Wind Effects
Terry R. Healy

81. Coastal Zone Management
Peter W. French

82. Coastline Changes
Eric Bird

83. Coasts, Coastlines, Shores, and Shorelines
George F. Oertel

84. Cohesive Sediment Transport
Parmeshwar L. Shrestha, Alan F. Blumberg

85. Conservation of Coastal Sites
Vincent May

86. Continental Shelves
A.W. Niedoroda

87. Coral Reef Coasts
Charles R.C. Sheppard

88. Coral Reef Islands
Gisèle Muller-Parker

89. Coral Reefs
David Hopley

90. Coral Reefs, Emerged
David Hopley

91. Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Richard J. Seymour

92. Cross-Shore Variation of Grain Size on Beaches
Philip D. Osborne, David P. Simpson

93. Cuspate Forelands
Stephen J. Craig-Smith

94. Dalmatian Coasts
Dieter Kelletat

95. Dams, Effect on Coasts
Jiyu Chen

96. Deltaic Ecology
John M. Rybczyk

97. Deltas
Shea Penland, Mark A. Kulp

98. Demography of Coastal Populations
Iver W. Duedall, George A. Maul

99. Depth of Closure on Sandy Coasts
Andrew Morang, William A. Birkemeier

100. Depth of Disturbance
John P. Ahrens

101. Desalination
Bénédicte Cherbuy, Jean-Christophe Aznar

102. Desert Coasts
Rodman E. Snead

103. Developed Coasts
Nancy L. Jackson, Karl F. Nordstrom

104. Dikes
Pieter G.E.F. Augustinus

105. Dissipative Beaches
Douglas J. Sherman

106. Dredging of Coastal Environments
Per Bruun

107. Drift and Swash Alignments
Eric Bird

108. Driftwood
Thomas A. Terich

109. Dune Ridges
Terry R. Healy

110. Dynamic Equilibrium of Beaches
Robert G. Dean

111. Economic Value of Beaches
William B. Stronge

112. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Henry F. Diaz

113. Endogenic and Exogenic Factors
Henry Bokuniewicz

114. Energy and Sediment Budgets of the Global Coastal Zone
Douglas L. Inman, Scott A. Jenkins

115. Engineering Applications of Coastal Geomorphology
John R.C. Hsu

116. Environmental Quality
Michael J. Kennish

117. Eolianite
Eric Bird

118. Eolian Processes
Patrick A. Hesp

119. Erosion: Historical Analysis and Forecasting
Mark Crowell, Stephen P. Leatherman, Bruce Douglas

120. Erosion Processes
Michael R. Rampino

121. Estuaries, Anthropogenic Impacts
Michael J. Kennish

122. Estuaries
Terry R. Healy

123. Eustasy
Vivian Gornitz

124. Europe, Coastal Ecology
J. Pat Doody

125. Europe, Coastal Geomorphology
Dieter Kelletat, Anja Scheffers

126. Faulted Coasts
Roland P. Paskoff

127. Geochronology
Gerhard Schellmann, Helmut Brückner

128. Geodesy
Mike P. Stewart

129. Geographic Information Systems
Shawn M. Boeser

130. Geographical Coastal Zonality
Dieter H. Kelletat

131. Geohydraulic Research Centers
James R. Houston

132. Geotextile Applications
Ram K. Mohan, C.G.R. Nair

133. Glaciated Coasts
Daniel F. Belknap

134. Global Positioning Systems
Shawn M. Boeser

135. Global Vulnerability Analysis
Robert J. Nicholls, Frank M.J. Hoozemans

136. Gravel Barriers
Julian D. Orford

137. Gravel Beaches
David P. Simpson

138. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
James G. Titus

139. Gross Transport
Richard J. Seymour

140. Ground-Penetrating Radar
Ilya Buynevich, Duncan M. FitzGerald

141. Headland-Bay Beach
Luis J. Moreno

142. Health Benefits
Roger H. Charlier, Marie-Claire P. Chaineux

143. History, Coastal Ecology
J. Pat Doody

144. History, Coastal Geomorphology
H. Jesse Walker, Molly McGraw

145. History, Coastal Protection
Roger H. Charlier

146. Holocene Coastal Geomorphology
Dieter Kelletat

147. Holocene Epoch
Neil Roberts

148. Honeycomb Weathering
George Mustoe

149. Human Impact on Coasts
Richard A. Davis

150. Hydrology of the Coastal Zone
Diane Horn

151. Ice-Bordered Coasts
H. Jesse Walker

152. Indian Ocean Coasts, Coastal Ecology
Baban Ingole

153. Indian Ocean Coasts, Coastal Geomorphology
G.N. Nayak

154. Indian Ocean Islands, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
M. Wafar, Sayeeda Wafar, Prasanna Yennavar

155. Ingression, Regression, and Transgression
Henry Bokuniewicz

156. Isostasy
Kurt Lambeck

157. Jet Probes
Charles W. Finkl, Lindino A. Benedet

158. Karst Coasts
Roland P. Paskoff

159. Klint
Anto Raukas

160. Late Quaternary Marine Transgression
Nils-Axel Mörner

161. Lifesaving and Beach Safety
B. Chris Brewster

162. Littoral
Henry Bokuniewicz

163. Littoral Cells
Douglas L. Inman

164. Littoral Drift Gradient
Terry R. Healy

165. Longshore Sediment Transport
Richard J. Seymour

166. Machair
William Ritchie

167. Managed Retreat
William J. Neal, David M. Bush, Orrin H. Pilkey

168. Mangroves, Ecology
F. Blasco, M. Aizpuru, J. Besnehard

169. Mangroves, Geomorphology
Eric Bird

170. Mangroves, Remote Sensing
F. Blasco, M. Aizpuru, D. Din Ndongo

171. Mapping Shores and Coastal Terrain
Robert A. Morton

172. Marine Debris—Onshore, Offshore, Seafloor Litter
A.T. Williams, D.T. Tudor, M.R. Gregory

173. Marine Parks
Vincent May

174. Marine Terraces
Paolo A. Pirazzoli

175. Mass Wasting
Alan S. Trenhaile

176. Meteorological Effects on Coasts
Gregory W. Stone, Robert A. Muller

177. Microtidal Coasts
J. Andrew, G. Cooper

178. Middle America, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Alejandro Yáñez-Arancibia

179. Mining of Coastal Materials
W.R. Osterkamp, R.A. Morton

180. Modeling Platforms, Terraces, and Coastal Evolution
Douglas L. Inman, Scott A. Jenkins, Patricia M. Masters

181. Modes and Patterns of Shoreline Change
Francis A. Galgano, Stephen P. Leatherman

182. Monitoring Coastal Ecology
J. Pat Doody

183. Monitoring Coastal Geomorphology
Andrew Morang, Laurel T. Gorman

184. Muddy Coasts
Terry R. Healy

185. Natural Hazards
Vivian Gornitz

186. Navigation Structures
Nicholas C. Kraus

187. Nearshore Geomorphological Mapping
Charles W. Finkl

188. Nearshore Sediment Transport Measurement
Ping Wang

189. Nearshore Wave Measurement
Ping Wang, Gregory W. Stone

190. Net Transport
Richard Seymour

191. New Zealand, Coastal Ecology
Russell Cole, Conrad Pilditch

192. New Zealand, Coastal Geomorphology and Oceanography
Terry R. Healy

193. North America, Coastal Ecology
Michael S. Kearney, J. Court Stevenson

194. North America, Coastal Geomorphology
Douglas J. Sherman

195. Notches
Dieter H. Kelletat

196. Numerical Modeling
Magnus Larson

197. Oil Spills
Erich R. Gundlach

198. Oil Spills, High-Energy Coasts
William Ritchie

199. Offshore Sand Banks and Linear Sand Ridges
Randolph A. McBride

200. Offshore Sand Sheets
Michael S. Fenster

201. Pacific Ocean Islands, Coastal Ecology
Mark D. Merlin

202. Pacific Ocean Islands, Coastal Geomorphology
Patrick D. Nunn

203. Paleocoastlines
John C. Kraft

204. Paraglacial Coasts
Donald L. Forbes

205. Peat
Ian Shennan

206. Photogrammetry
E. Robert Thieler, Cheryl J. Hapke

207. Physical Models
Michael S. Bruno

208. Placer Deposits
Paul D. Komar

209. Pleistocene Epoch
Dieter H. Kelletat

210. Pluvial Lake Shore Deposits
Detlef A. Warnke, Hillert Ibbeken

211. Polders
Joost H.J. Terwindt

212. Pressure Gradient Force
George A. Maul

213. Profiling, Beach
Nicholas C. Kraus

214. RADARSAT-2
Gordon C. Staples

215. Rating Beaches
Stephen P. Leatherman

216. Reclamation
P.P. Wong

217. Reefs, Non-Coral
William T. Fox

218. Reflective Beaches
Douglas J. Sherman

219. Remote Sensing of Coastal Environments
Elijah W. Ramsey

220. Remote Sensing: Wetlands Classification
Victor Klemas

221. Rhythmic Patterns
Paul D. Komar

222. Ria
Eric Bird

223. Rip Currents
Robert W. Brander

224. Ripple Marks
Carl L. Amos, Patrick L. Friend

225. Rock Coast Processes
Alan S. Trenhaile

226. Salt Marsh
Terry R. Healy

227. Sand Rights
Katherine Stone, Orville Magoon, Billy Edge, Lesley Ewing

228. Sandy Coasts
Andrew D. Short

229. Scour and Burial of Objects in Shallow Water
Dougals L. Inman, Scott A. Jenkins

230. Sea-Level Changes during the Last Millennium
Roland Gehrels

231. Sea-Level Indicators, Biologic
Jacques Laborel, Françoise Laborel-Deguen

232. Sea-Level Indicators—Biological in Depositional Sequences
David B. Scott, Franco S. Medioli

233. Sea-Level Indicators, Geomorphic
Paolo A. Pirazzoli

234. Sea-Level Rise, Effect
James G. Titus

235. Sediment Budget
Jeffrey H. List

236. Sediment Suspension by Waves
Rowland J. Atkins

237. Sedimentary Basins
Saskia Jelgersma

238. Seismic Displacement
Paolo A. Pirazzoli

239. Sequence Stratigraphy
Arthur D. Donovan

240. Setbacks
Michael S. Fenster

241. Sharm Coasts
Dieter H. Kelletat

242. Shelf Processes
Alan W. Niedoroda

243. Shell Middens
Sarah K. Campbell

244. Shore Platforms
Wayne Stephenson, Robert Kirk

245. Shore Protection Structures
Nicholas C. Kraus

246. Shoreface
H. Edward Clifton

247. Simple Beach and Surf Zone Models
John P. Ahrens

248. Small Islands
George Maul

249. South America, Coastal Ecology
Simone Rabelo Cunha, Omar Defeo, Anita Alava, Rosana Moreira Rocha, Beatrice Padovani Ferreira, Mauro Maida, Tognella-M.M.P. De-Rosa, Carlos Emilio Bemvenuti, Joel C. Creed, André S. Barreto

250. South America, Coastal Geomorphology
Norbert P. Psuty, Chizuko Mizobe

251. Spits
Takaaki Uda

252. Storm Surge
Vivian Gornitz

253. Strandflat
Tormod Klemsdal

254. Submarine Groundwater Discharge
Steven L. Krupa, Cynthia J. Gefvert

255. Submerged Coasts
Wyss W.-S. Yim

256. Submerging Coasts
Paolo A. Pirazzoli

257. Surf Modeling
Marshall D. Earle

258. Surf Zone Processes
William R. Dally

259. Surfing
William R. Dally

260. Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems
R. Keith Raney

261. Tafone
George Mustoe

262. Tectonics and Neotectonics
Paolo A. Pirazzoli

263. Thalassostatic Terraces
Rhodes W. Fairbridge

264. Tidal Creeks
Terry R. Healy

265. Tidal Datums
Edward B. Hands

266. Tidal Environments
B. W. Flemming

267. Tidal Inlets
Duncan M. FitzGerald

268. Tidal Flats
V. Semeniuk

269. Tidal Flats, Open Ocean Coasts
Congxian Li, Ping Wang, Daidu Fan

270. Tidal Power
Roger H. Charlier

271. Tidal Prism
Terry M. Hume

272. Tide-Dominated Coasts
Miles O. Hayes

273. Tide Gauges
Guy Woppelmann, Paolo Antonio Pirazzoli

274. Tide Mill
Roger H. Charlier

275. Tides
Bruce Parker

276. Time Series Modeling
V. Chris Lakhan

277. Tors
Maurice Schwartz

278. Tourism and Coastal Development
Marc L. Miller, Nina P. Hadley

279. Tourism, Criteria for Coastal Sites
P.P. Wong

280. Tracers
Paolo Ciavola

281. Trottoirs
David Hopley

282. Tsunamis
Alastair Dawson

283. Uplift Coasts
Terry R. Healy

284. Vegetated Coasts
Denise J. Reed

285. Vibracore
Charles W. Finkl, Syed M. Khalil

286. Vorticity
George A. Maul

287. Volcanic Coasts
Terry R. Healy

288. Washover Effects
William Ritchie

289. Water Quality
Katherine Pond

290. Wave and Tide-Dominated Coasts
Edward J. Anthony

291. Wave Climate
George Maul

292. Wave—Current Interaction
Patricia L. Wiberg

293. Wave-Dominated Coasts
Miles O. Hayes

294. Wave Environments
Andrew D. Short

295. Wave Focusing
Terry R. Healy

296. Wave Hindcasting
Dilip K. Barua

297. Wave Power
Roger H. Charlier

298. Wave Refraction Diagrams
Gerhard Masselink

299. Waves
Gerhard Masselink

300. Weathering in the Coastal Zone
Rhodes W. Fairbridge

301. Wetlands
Denise J. Reed

302. Wetland Restoration
William Streever

Keywords: Geosciences, Oceanography, Meteorology/Climatology, Structural Foundations, Hydraulic Engineering, Environment, general, Physical Geography, Freshwater & Marine Ecology