The Arab Spring, Civil Society, and Innovative Activism

1. Introduction
Cenap Çakmak

2. “Dogs of Wall Street, Let Us Alone”: Graffiti in Cold War Baghdad, 1953
Elizabeth Bishop

3. When Pundits Fail: “We Are All Khalid Said” and the Challenge of Democratizing Egypt
Nivien Saleh

4. Civil Society and Political Change in Contemporary Egypt
Ignacio Álvarez-Ossorio

5. Social Media and the Arab Spring in Bahrain: From Mobilization to Confrontation
Magdalena Karolak

6. The Middle Eastern Gender Gap: The State of Female Political Participation Before, During and After the ‘Arab Spring’
Ryan C. Merrill

7. The Arab Spring Through a Libyan Prism: Contagion, Cleavages and Adverse Transition
Jason E. Strakes

8. Re-imagining the ‘State’ in Syria During the First Year of the Uprising (2011–2012)
Lana Khattab

9. Rooted in History: The Politics of Middle Eastern and North African Soccer
James M. Dorsey

10. Civil State in the Post–Arab Spring Countries: Tunisia, Egypt and Libya
Ibrahim Natil

11. Conclusion
Cenap Çakmak

Keywords: Political Science and International Relations, Middle Eastern Politics, Political History, African Politics, Democracy