Prodrugs

Part I. A Case for Prodrugs

1. A Case for Prodrugs
Valentino J. Stella

Part II. Problems Addressable by Prodrugs

2. Prodrug Approaches to Enhancing the Oral Delivery of Poorly Permeable Drugs
Valentino J. Stella

3. Topical Delivery Using Prodrugs
Kenneth B. Sloan, Scott C. Wasdo

4. Prodrug approaches to ophthalmic drug delivery
Tomi Järvinen, Riku Niemi

5. Overcoming Poor Aqueous Solubility of Drugs for Oral Delivery
Tycho Heimbach, David Fleisher, Amal Kaddoumi

6. Prodrugs and Parenteral Drug Delivery
Jeffery Hemenway, Valentino J. Stella

7. Poly (ethylene glycol) Prodrugs: Altered Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Richard B. Greenwald, Hong Zhao

8. Prodrugs to Reduce Presystemic Metabolism
Bruce J. Aungst, Nicole Matz

9. Controlled Release — Small Molecules
Jaymin C. Shah

10. Controlled Release - Macromolecular Prodrugs
Claus Larsen, Jesper Østergaard, Susan W. Larsen

11. Controlled Release - Proenzymes
Richard L. Schowen

12. Targeting - Theoretical and Computational Models
Roger A. Rajewski, Michelle P. McIntosh

13. Targeting - Cancer — Small Molecules
Vincent (F.M.H.) Groot

14. Monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy
Peter D. Senter, Damon L. Meyer

15. Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy
Kenneth D. Bagshawe

16. Prodrugs for Liver-targeted Drug Delivery
Mark D. Erion

17. Prodrug Approaches for Drug Delivery to the Brain
Bradley D. Anderson

18. Lymphatic Absorption of Orally Administered Prodrugs
David M. Shackleford, Christopher J. H. Porter, William N. Charman

19. Colonic Delivery
Fumitoshi Hirayama, Kaneto Uekama

Part III. Functional Group Approach to Prodrugs

20. Prodrugs of Carboxylic Acids
Hans Maag

21. Prodrugs of Alcohols and Phenols
Sundeep S. Dhareshwar, Valentino J. Stella

22. Prodrugs of Amines
Jeffrey P. Krise, Reza Oliyai

23. Prodrugs of Amides, Imides and Other NH-acidic Compounds
Victor R. Guarino, Valentino J. Stella

24. Prodrugs of Benzamidines
Jefferson W. Tilley

25. Prodrugs of Phosphonates, Phosphinates, and Phosphates
Gong-Xin He, Jeffrey P. Krise, Reza Oliyai

26. Functional Group Approaches to Prodrugs: Functional Groups in Peptides
Hao Fang, Gurpreet Kaur, Binghe Wang

27. Macromolecular Prodrugs of Small Molecules
William A. Marinaro, Valentino J. Stella

28. Miscellaneous Functional Groups
Nobuo Shimma, Jefferson Tilley

Part 4.1. Prodrugs — Preclinical and Clinical Considerations

29. Prodrugs: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) Issues
Souzan Yanni, Dhiren R. Thakker

30. Formulation Challenges of Prodrugs
Robert G. Strickley, Reza Oliyai

31. Safety Assessment of Prodrugs
Scott J. Grossman

32. Toxicological Issues with Pivalate Prodrugs
Eric P. Brass

Part 5. Case Studies

33. Case Study: Adefovir Dipivoxil: An Oral Prodrug of Adefovir
Maria Fardis, Reza Oliyai

34. Case Study: Amifostine: (Ethyol®)
Roger A. Rajewski

35. Case Study: Capecitabine: A Prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil
Nobuo Shimma

36. Case Study: Cefditoren Pivoxil: An Oral Prodrug of Cefditoren
Tarra Fuchs

37. Case Study: Cefuroxime Axetil: An Oral Prodrug of Cefuroxime
Tarra Fuchs

38. Case Study: Clindamycin 2-Phosphate, A Prodrug of Clindamycin
W. Morozowich, H. A. Karnes

39. Case Study: Enalapril: A Prodrug of Enalaprilat
Sundeep S. Dhareshwar

40. Case Study: Famciclovir: A Prodrug of Penciclovir
Olafur S. Gudmundsson, Melissa Antman

41. Case Study: Fosamprenavir: A Prodrug of Amprenavir
Hui Ouyang

42. Case Study: Fosinopril
Edward W. Petrillo

43. Case Study: Fosphenytoin: A Prodrug of Phenytoin
Valentino J. Stella

44. Case Study: Irinotecan (CPT-11), A Water-soluble Prodrug of SN-38
M. J. Hageman, W. Morozowich

45. Case Study: Latanoprost: Isopropylester of a Prostaglandin F2? Analog
Paramita Bandyopadhyay

46. Case Study: Moexipril Hydrochloride: A Prodrug of Moexiprilat
Bianca M. Liederer

47. Case Study: Mycophenolate Mofetil
William A. Marinaro

48. Case Study: Olmesartan Medoxomil: A Prodrug of Olmesartan
Bianca M. Liederer

49. Case Study: Omeprazole (Prilosec®)
Jeffrey N. Hemenway

50. Case Study: Oseltamivir: An Orally Bioavailable Ester Prodrug of Oseltamivir Carboxylate
Eugene J. Eisenberg

51. Case Study: Parecoxib: A Prodrug of Valdecoxib
Dirk L. Teagarden, Sandeep Nema

52. Case Study: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: An Oral Prodrug of Tenofovir
Maria Fardis, Reza Oliyai

53. Case Study: Travoprost: A Potent PGF2? Analog
Rebecca A. Bross

54. Case Study: Valacyclovir: A Prodrug of Acyclovir
Melissa D. Antman, Olafur S. Gudmundsson

55. Case Study: Valganciclovir: A Prodrug of Ganciclovir
Hans Maag

56. Case Study: Vantin: A Prodrug of Cefpodoxime
Arvind K. Chappa

57. Case Study: Ximelagatran: A Double Prodrug of Melagatran
Olafur S. Gudmundsson

Keywords: Biomedicine, Pharmacology/Toxicology