Cardiac Reconstructions with Allograft Tissues

Section I. Original Principles

1. The Use of Homograft Valves: Historical Perspective
Richard A. Hopkins

Section II. Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

2. Mayo Clinic Series
Robert B. Wallace, Thomas A. Orszulak

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham Series
David C. McGiffin, James K. Kirklin

4. Modified Root Replacement Concept: Influence of Implant Technique on Allograft Durability
William W. Angell, Aubyn Marath

Section III. Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

5. Great Ormond Street Series
Jaroslav Stark, Mila Stajevic-Popovic

6. Denver Series
David R. Clarke, Deborah A. Bishop

7. Toronto Series
William G. Williams

Section IV. Cryopreserved Allograft Tissue for Cardiac Reconstruction

8. Cryopreserved Cardiac Valves: Initial Experiences and Theories
Richard A. Hopkins

9. Surgery for Infections
David C. McGiffin, James K. Kirklin

10. Pulmonary Valve Autotransplant Procedure: Clinical Results Compared with Other Methods for Aortic Valve Replacement
Erle H. Austin

11. In Vivo Pulsatile Hemodynamics of Homografts
Jeff L. Myers, Richard A. Hopkins

Section V. Cell Biology of Heart Valve Leaflets

12. Leaflet Endothelium
Flavian M. Lupinetti

13. Leaflet Interstitial Cells
Robert H. Messier, Patrick W. Domkowski, Richard A. Hopkins

14. Leaflet Interstitial Cell Growth and Recovery
Robert H. Messier, Diane Hoffman-Kim, Richard A. Hopkins

15. Activation of the Immune System by Cardiac Valve Allografts
Franciska Hoekstra, Christiaan Knoop, Ad Bogers, Willem Weimar

Section VI. Cryobiology of Heart Valve Preservation

16. Application of Cryopreservation to Heart Valves
Lloyd Wolfinbarger, Kelvin G.M. Brockbank, Richard A. Hopkins

17. Cell Viability and Problems with Its Quantification
Diane Hoffman-Kim, Richard A. Hopkins

18. Factors Affecting Cellular Viability During Preimplantation Processing
Richard A. Hopkins, Diane Hoffman-Kim, Robert H. Messier, Patrick W. Domkowski

19. Cell Origins and Fates Following Transplantation of Cryopreserved Allografts
M.G. Hazekamp, D.R. Koolbergen, J. Braun, J.A. Bruin, C.J. Cornelisse, Y.A. Goffin, J.A. Huysmans

20. Resolution of the Conflicting Theories of Prolonged Cell Viability
Richard A. Hopkins

Section VII. Allograft Heart Valves: Morphologic, Biochemical, and Explant Pathology Studies

21. Overview: Allograft Heart Valves
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

22. Morphology: Allograft Heart Valves
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

23. Biomechanics: Allograft Heart Valves
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

24. Effects of Preimplantation Processing on Allograft Valves
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

25. Explant Pathology Studies
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

26. Implications of Explant Pathology Studies
Stephen L. Hilbert, Frederick J. Schöen, Victor J. Ferrans

Section VIII. Allograft Valve Banking: Harvesting and Cryopreservation Techniques

27. Cryopreservation and Tissue Banking
Perry L. Lange, Richard A. Hopkins

28. Donor Suitability and Heart Procurement
Scott A. Brubaker

29. Techniques and Technology: Dissection, Examination, Sterilization, and Cryopreservation
Mark VanAllman, Kelvin G.M. Brockbank

30. Techniques and Technology: Storage, Transportation and Distribution, Thawing, Dilution, and Quality Systems
Perry L. Lange, Kelvin G.M. Brockbank

Section IX. Surgical Techniques: Valve and Root Methods for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions

31. Indications and Contraindications: Valve and Root Methods
Richard A. Hopkins

32. “Freehand” Aortic Valve Replacement with Aortic Allograft Valve Transplant Aortotomy
Richard A. Hopkins

33. The Small Aortic Root: Surgical Techniques for Annulus Enlargement
Richard A. Hopkins

34. Aortoplastic Techniques for Problematic Aortic Root Geometry
Richard A. Hopkins

35. Aortic Root Replacement with Aortic Allograft Conduit
Richard A. Hopkins

36. Aortoventriculoplasty with Aortic Allograft
Richard A. Hopkins

37. “Miniroot” Replacement Techniques
Neal D. Kon, A. Robert Cordell

38. Stentless Xenograft Valves
Richard A. Hopkins

Section X. Surgical Techniques: Ross Operation and Variants

39. Indications: Ross Operation
Richard A. Hopkins

40. Surgical Anatomy: Ross Operation
Patricia A. Penkoske, Robert H. Anderson

41. Surgical Technique: Ross Operation
Richard A. Hopkins

42. The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography During the Ross Procedure
Arthur A. Bert, Scott F. MacKinnon

43. Guidelines for Use of Aprotinin with the Ross Procedure
Arthur A. Bert

44. Ross-Konno Procedure
V. Mohan Reddy, Doff B. McElhinney, Frank L. Hanley

45. Methods for Avoiding Technical Errors in Performing the Autograft Pulmonary Valve Transplant
Erle H. Austin

Section XI. Surgical Techniques: Complex Reconstructions

46. Management of Transposition with Complex Systemic Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction: Rastelli’s Operation and Aortic Root Translocation
Pedro J. Nido

47. Homograft Variant of the Nikaidoh Procedure
Richard A. Hopkins

48. Application of the Principle of Creation of Double Outlet Systemic Ventricle for Hypoplastic Aortic Outflow
Richard A. Hopkins, Gary K. Lofland

Section XII. Surgical Techniques: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions

49. Indications: Right Ventricular Outflow Reconstructions
Richard A. Hopkins

50. Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Aortic Allograft Conduits in Children and Infants
Richard A. Hopkins

51. Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults
Richard A. Hopkins

52. Corrected Transposition
Richard A. Hopkins

53. Reconstruction of Right Ventricular Outflow with Abnormal Pulmonary Arteries
Richard A. Hopkins

54. Management of Difficult Allograft Alignments: The “Divide and Reapproximate” Principle
Erle H. Austin

55. Pulmonary Valve Allografts in Children
David R. Clarke, Deborah A. Bishop

56. Truncus Arteriosus Repair
Gary K. Lofland

57. Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Staged Unifocalization Techniques
Richard A. Hopkins, Erle H. Austin

58. Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Repairs in Neonates and Young Infants
Doff B. McElhinney, V. Mohan Reddy, Frank L. Hanley

59. Reoperative Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions
Richard A. Hopkins

60. Proximal and Distal Extensions
Kim F. Duncan

61. Reconstruction with Nonvalved Cryopreserved Cardiovascular Tissues
John L. Myers

62. Extracardiac Fontan Operation
Ed Petrossian, V. Mohan Reddy, Frank L. Hanley

Section XIII. Future Directions

63. FDA Regulatory Policy
Scott Bottenfield, Margaret Deuel

64. The Biological Valve Spectrum and a Rationale for Prosthetic Valve Choice
Richard A. Hopkins, R. Eric Lilly, James St. Louis

65. Tissue Engineered Heart Valves: The Next Challenge
Stephen L. Hilbert, Richard A. Hopkins

Keywords: Medicine & Public Health, Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology