Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890–1950

1. Introduction: Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890–1950
Christoph Gradmann, Jonathan Simon

2. Paul Ehrlich’s Standardization of Serum: Wertbestimmung and Its Meaning for Twentieth-Century Biomedicine
Cay-Rüdiger Prüll

3. Evaluation as a Practical Technique of Administration: The Regulation and Standardization of Diphtheria Serum
Axel C. Hüntelmann

4. From Diphtheria to Tetanus: The Development of Evaluation Methods for Sera in Imperial Germany
Anne I. Hardy

5. The Construction of a Culture of Standardization at the Institut Pasteur (1885–1900)
Gabriel Gachelin

6. Quality Control and the Politics of Serum Production in France
Jonathan Simon

7. ‘The Geneva serum is excellent!’ Autonomy and Isolation in the Swiss Cantons During the Early Years of Diphtheria Serum: The Case of Geneva
Mariama Kaba

8. The State, the Serum Institutes and the League of Nations
Pauline M. H. Mazumdar

9. Questions of Quality: The Danish State Serum Institute, Thorvald Madsen and Biological Standardization
Anne Hardy

10. ‘The Wright Way’: The Production and Standardization of Therapeutic Vaccines in Britain, 1902–13
Michael Worboys

11. The Visible Industrialist: Standards and the Manufacture of Sex Hormones
Jean-Paul Gaudillière

12. ‘We need for digitalis preparations what the state has established for serumtherapy …’ From Collecting Plants to International Standardization: The Case of Strophanthin, 1900–38
Christian Bonah

13. Changing Regulations and Risk Assessments: National Responses to the Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in the UK and West Germany
Ulrike Lindner

14. Standardization Before Biomedicine: On Early Forms of Regulatory Objectivity
Alberto Cambrosio

Keywords: History, Cultural History, History of Science, European History, Modern History, History of Medicine, Social History