The Business of Literary Circles in Nineteenth-Century America

1. Introduction
David Dowling

2. “As Merchants on the ’Change”: The Economy of Literary Circles, 1807–1864
David Dowling

Part I. Literary New Yorkers

3. “An Instinct for Gold”: Irving’s Knickerbockers
David Dowling

4. Staff Bonds: Bonner’s New York Ledger

David Dowling

Part II. New England Circles

5. “The Section to Which we Belong”: Emerson’s Transcendentalists
David Dowling

6. Boston and Beyond: Elizabeth Peabody’s Promotional Practice
David Dowling

Part III. Political Economy: North and South

7. Print Warriors: Garrison’s Abolitionists
David Dowling

8. Proslavery and the Pen: Fitzhugh’s Apologists
David Dowling

9. Conclusion: The Boston Bellamy Club, Rand’s Objectivists, and Iowa Writers’ Workshop
David Dowling

Keywords: Literature, North American Literature, Nineteenth-Century Literature, Literary History